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0 Ashland ABSN > (406 E3) last pathopharm test ever!!!!! > Flashcards

(406 E3) last pathopharm test ever!!!!! Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

DKA sx

A

-ketones
-fruity breath
-polyuria / polydipsia
-N/v
-dec skin turgor
-dry mucus membranes
-tachycardia
-hypotension
-metabolic acidosis
-decreased K+
-weight loss

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2
Q

Blood Glucose for DKA

A

350-500

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3
Q

HHS sx

A

-decreased K+
-polyuira & polydipsia
-weight loss
-lethargy / obtunded
-coma
-volume depletion
-electrolyte imbalance
-hyperosmolarity

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4
Q

thyroid storm sx

A

-fever
-tachycardia
-afib/aflutter
-n/v
-agitation
-tremor
-psychosis
-stupor/coma
-hypotension

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5
Q

myxedema (10)

A

-hypothyroidism
-hard non pitting swelling
-coma
-hypothermia
-hypotension
-hypoglycemia
-hypoventilation
-slowing of functions of other organs
-bradycardia
-hypoNa

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6
Q

addisonian crisis

A

-hypotension
-salt craving
-hypocortisolism
-hypoglycemia
-weakness
-hyperpigmentation
-N/V/D
-hyperK+

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7
Q

DKA & HHS treatment

A

-fluid replacement
-electrolyte corrections
-IV insulin
-sodium bicard (if pH <7.2)
-dextrose (<200 and anion is still open)

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8
Q

thyroid storm drugs

A

-beta blocker (sx control)
-thionamide (propylthiouracil/PTU): suppresses conversion of T4 & T3
-iodine solution: to block the release of thyroid hormone
-glucocorticoids: reduce T4 to T3, promote vasomotor stability & treat adrenal insufficiency
-bile acid sequestrates: recycling of thyroid hormones

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9
Q

myxedema drugs

A

-levothyroxine & liothyronine
-glucocorticoids
-IV fluid
-lytes
-glucose

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10
Q

addisonian crisis drugs

A

-IV hydrocortisone
-NS
-dextrose

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11
Q

primary Thyroid

A

direct dysfunction of the thyroid gland itself
-low levels of T3 & T4
-high levels TSH
-causes: thyroiditis, cogenital hypothyroidism, surgical removal of thyroid or radiation to thyroid

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12
Q

secondary hypothyroidism

A

dysfunction of the pituitary gland
-low T3, T4, & TSH
-causes: pituitary tumors, radiation, therapy or pituitary surgery

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13
Q

tertiary hypothyroidism

A

dysfunction of the hypothalamus

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14
Q

complications of uncontrolled DM

A

-infection
-wound healing
-DKA/HHS
-micro & macro vascular

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15
Q

microvascular comps of uncontrolled DM

A

-damage to capillaires
-retinopathies
-nephropathies
-neuropathies

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16
Q

macrovascular comps of uncontrolled DM

A

-damage to large vessels
-coronary artery
-peripheral vascular
-cerebral vascular

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17
Q

patho of T1DM

A

activation of cellular immunity (macrophages & T cells) & humoral immunity towards beta cells-> beta cells in the pancreas are destroyed

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18
Q

alpha cells secrete

A

glucagon

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19
Q

beta cells secrete

A

insulin

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20
Q

patho of T2DM

A

insulin resistance d/t receptor fatigue & decrease insulin secretion

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21
Q

main cause of left sided heart failure

A

HTN

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22
Q

main cause of right sided heart failure

A

COPD

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23
Q

assessment finding w/ left sided heart

Study These Flashcards
A

-pulmonary congestion
-LV increases in size
-back flow into pulmonary veins
-cough, crackles, wheezes
-frothy sputum, may be blood tinged
-paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
-orthopnea

24
Q

assessment finding w/ right sided heart

Study These Flashcards
A

-COPD w/ cor pulmonale
-RV increases in size
-back flow into vena cava, decrease to the lung
-congestion in JV, liver & lower extremities
-dependent edema
-weight gain
-hepatosplenomegaly
-fatigue
-ascites
-GI distress/fullness

25
medications for HF
-BB (carvedilol) -CCB (idipine) -Digitallis -nitrates -dapaglifozin -HTN drugs -spironolactone -ranolazine
26
ACE, ARBs, ARNI holds
hyper K & hypotension
27
beta block holds
less than 100 systolic, less than 60 HR
28
dapaglifozin holds
low BG
29
digitalis holds
-hold if pulse <60 -low K+
30
S/s of OA
->40 -osteophytes -deep, aching pain w/ exertion & relieved by rest -worsens w/ cold -crepitus -joint swelling -altered gait -bowed leg -limited ROM -B&H nodes -wear & tear on unilateral joints -localized -no biomarker
31
S/s of RA
-young to middle age -positive RF & ANCP -systemic affects to start -joint swell soft, warm & tender -stiffness -deformities & joint subluxation -sjorgren's syndrome -rheumatoid nodules -autoimmune
32
Cimetidine & Famotidine (H2 receptor antagonists) MOA
-blocks H2 receptors in the stomach -reduces gastric acid secretion by 60-70% -increases stomach pH
33
omeprazole, pantoprazole, esomeprazole (PPIs) MOA
binds to proton pump and inhibits the hydrogen potassium ATPase (proton pump) + irreversibly inhibits the section of HCl
34
antacids (aluminum, calcium, magnesium, Al+MG)
neutralizes acid by approximately 50%
35
complications of acute viral gastroenteritis
fluid volume deficit / electrolyte imbalance caused by watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, N/v, fever & malaise
36
HIV patho
**retrovirus that destroys CD4 Tcells** targets CD4 cells on T lymphs, monocytes & macrophages -> enters cells -> reverses transcriptase -> HIV integrase -> HIV protease **CD4 drops, Viral load will increase**
37
expected findings for Iron deficiency anemia
-microcytic, hypochromic -pallor -glossitis, cheilitis -brittle hair & nails -koilonchia -pica & pagophagia
38
sucralfate (mucosal protectant)
alters when exposed to gastric acid and turned into a sticky, thick gel to make a protective barrier
39
carcinogens: known
smoking, asbestos, estrogen, alcohol, HPV or HIV
40
proto oncogenes
genes that stimulate and regulate a cell's movement through the cell cycle, resulting in cellular growth and proliferation -> when mutated, proto oncogenes becomes oncogenes that stimulate constant, unrelenting cellular proliferation and cell cycling
41
main causes of CKD
DM HTN
42
Beta Blocker SE
hypotension, mask hypogly, fatigue & lethargy
43
ACE SE
cough, first dose hypotension, angioedema, renal insufficiency
44
ARBs SE
angioedema, renal insufficiency
45
CCB SE
orthostatic hypotension & peripheral edema
46
IV heparin things to know
-labs: PTT & anti Xa -discoloring of fingers and toes -black patches on hands & feet -black tarry stools -common signs of bleeding -anemia -antidote: protamine sulfate
47
rapid acting insulin
**lispro & aspart** -onset: 15 mins -peak: 1 hr -duration: 2-4 hr
48
short acting insulin
**regular** -onset: 30-60 mins -peak: 2-6 hr -duration: 3-8 hrs
49
intermediate insulin
**NPH** -onset: 2-4 hrs -peak: 4-10 -duration: 10-20
50
long acting insulin
**glargine** -onset: 70 mins -peak: none -duration: 24 hrs
51
SE of chemo
**do not give chemo at nadir** -decreased WBC, RBC, platelets (pancytopenia) -GI effects -alopecia -stomatitis -toxic to fetus -hyperuremia -organ damage -extravasation
52
inhaled steroids
beclomethasone dipropionate budesonide fluticasone
53
systemic steroids
prednisone hydrocortisone dexamethasone
54
which type of steroid has more side effects
**systemic** because inhaled are limited to the lungs -hypotension -weight gain -glaucoma -hypergly -GI upset -osteoporosis -adrenal problem (cushings)
55
Asthma CM
bronchoconstriction / vasoconstriction wheezing dyspnea / SOA inflammation cough chest tightness accessory muscle use diaphoresis respiratory failure
56
chronic bronchitis CM
-persistent productive cough -SOA -congestion -pulmonary htn (late)
57
emphysema CM
-gradual inc in breathlessness (**esp w/ exertion**) -SOA at rest -wheeze -malnourished -barrel chest -pursed lip breathing -**decreased breath sounds**

0 Ashland ABSN (215 decks)

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