osteoporosis Flashcards
osteoporosis definiton
skeletal disorder characterized by compromised line strength predisposing to increased risk of fracture
what does bone strength comprise of
integration of density and quality
osteoclast origin
hematopoietic stem cells. similar to macrophages.
osteoblastic origin
mesenchymal stem cells
causes of diminished bone mass
failure to reach peak mass, or increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation
non modifiable risk factors for OP
female, advanced age, caucasian or asian, family history of osteoporosis, personal history of fracture, hyperthyroidism, early menopause, rheumatoid
why do women have an increased frequency of OP
lower peak bone mass by age 35, lighter, thinner bones, menopausal bone loss, pregnancy, lactation
modifiable risk factors for OP
tobacco use, sedentary life, caffeine use (tea is okay), low calcium/vitamin D, alcohol use, hormone deficiency, low BMI, elevated homocysteine,
primary OP
aging or decreased gonadal function, aging bone loss is slower than menopausal, 51-75
secondary OP
due to medications and diseases
diseases at risk for OP
hypogonadism, cushing, hyperparathyroidism, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, chronic liver and renal disease, malabsoprtion syndrome, paralyzed, RA, anorexia, athletic amenorrhea, DM, hemochromatosis, hyperporlactinemia, osteogenesis imperfecta, lupus, psoriatic arthritis, VIT D and calcium deficiency
medications risk
glucocorticoids, lithium, chemo, lupron, anticonvulsants, SSRIs, methotrexate, prolonged heparin, coumadin, immunosuppressants, aromatase inhibitors, excess thryoid hormone the shot, vitamin A and PPI
history major risks
fractures (esp the hip, vertebra or wrist, family with OP or fragility, menstrual or estrogen deficiency, lifestyleq
signs of vertebral fractures
back pain, loss of height, restrictive lung disease, reduced abdominal cavity, depression, anxiety, fear.
what to look for on exam
height and weight, spinal tenderness/deformities, dowagers hump, protuberant abdomen, assess for falling
