3.3.11 Amines

Question 1

What are aliphatic amines and give 3 examples

Answer 1

Aliphatic amines are non aromatic (straight chain)
- Primary
- Secondary
- Tertiary

Question 2

What type of amine is phenyl amine ?

Answer 2

It is a primary aromatic amine

Question 3

Where are cationic surfactants found and what do they do ?

Answer 3

• Surfactants lower the surface tension of a liquid.
• They can act as detergents, wetting agents, emulsifiers, foaming agents, and dispersants.

Question 4

Give an example of a cationic surfactant

Answer 4

Quarternary ammonium salts that have a long hydrocarbon tail

Question 5

Explain the charges on a quaternary ammonium salt and give an example

Answer 5

Quarteranry salts are made up from a positive end and are attracted to negative ions. An example is tetramethylammonium chloride

Question 6

How are amines produced ?

Answer 6

When one or more hydrogen atoms in ammonia are replaced with an organic group

Question 7

What two methods can amines be produced by ?

Answer 7

• Nucleophilic substitution
• Reduction of nitriles

Question 8

What must an amine be reacted with in order for it to undergo nucleophilic substitution ?

Answer 8

Halogenoalkane

Question 9

What is produced when an amine reacts with a halogenoalkane ?

Answer 9

• Primary amine
• Ammonium salt

Question 10

What is the functional group for an amide ?

Answer 10

-CONH2

Question 11

How many R groups does a primary amine have ?

Answer 11

One R group

Question 12

How many R groups does a secondary amine have ?

Answer 12

Two R groups

Question 13

How many R groups does a tertiary amine have ?

Answer 13

Three R groups

Question 14

Can a quaternary amine be formed ?

Answer 14

Under certain conditions due to lone pair on nitrogen

Question 15

Give 2 things needed to reduce a nitrile

Answer 15

• LiAlH4 reducing agent
• Dilute acid

Question 16

What is one issue with LiAlH4 ?

Answer 16

It is very expensive

Question 17

How do you know how strong of a base an amine is ?

Answer 17

The basic strength of an amine depends on the availability of electrons. If the molecule’s electron pair is more available, it will be a stronger base.

Question 18

What order is aliphatic base strength in ?

Answer 18

3o > 2o > 1o

Question 19

Why are alkylated amines more basic than ammonia ?

Answer 19

• Any alkyl -R group will increase basicity.
• Alkyl -R groups push electron density towards the nitrogen.
• This increases the electron density on nitrogen, making the lone pair more available.

Question 20

Are amines electrophiles or nucleophiles ?

Answer 20

Nucleophiles as it is an electron donor