CNS Trauma

Question 1

Skull fracture characterized by straight crack, usually not serious:

Answer 1

Linear

Question 2

Skull fracture characterized by bone displaced inward, comminuted, possible brain damage:

Answer 2

Depressed

Question 3

Skull fracture that crosses a suture:

Answer 3

Diastatic

Question 4

Skull fracture caused by high force. Can present with distant hematoma and CSF drainage:

Answer 4

Basal

Question 5

Bruise behind ear sometimes seen with basal skull fracture:

Answer 5

Battle sign

Question 6

Altered consciousness from head injury due to change in momentum of the head:

Answer 6

Concusion

Question 7

Rapid swelling of brain from second concussion prior to complete healing of first:

Answer 7

Second-impact syndrome

Question 8

Progressive degenerative disease of the brain following repetitive brain trauma:

Answer 8

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy

Question 9

Deposits formed in Chronic traumatic encephalopathy similar to alheimer disease

Answer 9

Tau protein

Question 10

Brain contusion at the point of contact:

Answer 10

Coup injury

Question 11

Brain contusion opposite the point of contact:

Answer 11

Contrecoup injury

Question 12

Twistinng or sheering of axons deep in the whit matter due to rotation (angular acceleration) of the brain:
ie. boxers, shaken baby syndrome

Answer 12

Diffuse Axonal injury

Histologically characterized by axonal spheroids

Question 13

Three types of vascular trauma:

Answer 13

1. Epidural hematoma: between dura and periostium of skull
   - rupture of middle menigeal artery is common cause
   
   • “baseball to the temple” the lucid for a bit before LOC
     - surgical emergency
     - smooth borders on CT
2. Subdural hematoma: between arachnoid and dura, caused by cerebral vein rupture
   - can be slow onset
   - rough outline on CT
3. Subarachnoid hemorrhage: ruptured cerebral artery
   - commonly BERRY aneurism
   - surgical emergency
   - “THE WORST HEADACHE IVE EVER HAD”