Chap 4 - Respiratory Diseases part 1

Question 0

Sudden onset of hyperreactivity of the bronchi and bronchioles with bronchospasm. Inflammation and swelling severely narrow the lumens. Attacks triggered by dust, mold, cigarette smoke, inhaled chemicals, exercise, cold air, or emotional stress. Or cockroaches in cities.

Answer 0

Asthma

Question 1

Asthma that’s prolonged, extremely severe and life-threatening attack.

Answer 1

Status asthmaticus

Question 2

Acute or chronic inflammation or infection of the bronchi. Inflammation due to pollution or smoking causes a constant cough, mucus production, and wheezing.

Answer 2

Bronchitis

Question 3

Chronic, permanent enlargement and loss of elasticity of the bronchi and bronchioles. Chronic inflammation destroys the smooth muscle in the walls, and the bronchi become markedly dilated. Symptoms are lots of mucus and coughing. Common with cystic fibrosis.

Answer 3

Bronchiectasis

Question 4

Creaking, grating, or rubbing sound when the two layers of the inflamed pleura rub against each other during respiration.

Answer 4

Pleural friction rub

Question 5

Irregular cracking or bubbling sounds during inspiration. Wet ones are caused by obstruction of the alveoli by fluid or infection. Dry ones are caused by chronic irritation or fibrosis.

Answer 5

Rales

Question 6

Humming, whistling, or snoring sounds during inspiration or expiration. They are caused by swelling, mucus, or a foreign body that partially obstructs the bronchi.

Answer 6

Rhonchi

Question 7

A high-pitched, harsh, crowing sound due to obstruction in the trachea or larynx.

Answer 7

Stridor

Question 8

High-pitched whistling or squeezing sounds during inspiration or expiration. They can often be heard without a stethoscope. They are caused by extreme narrowing of the bronchi due to bronchospasm.

Answer 8

Wheezes

Question 9

Precipitated by a severe infection or burns that affect the entire body’s can also be caused by indirect injury to the lungs (inhale vomit or fumes). The alveoli are damaged because of lack of blood flow, are unable to make surfactant, and they collapse with each breath.

Answer 9

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

Question 10

Incomplete expansion or collapse of part or all of a lung due to mucus, tumor, trauma, or a foreign body that blocks the bronchus. Also known as collapsed lung.

Answer 10

Atelectasis (atelectatic lung)

Question 11

Combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema caused by chronic exposure to pollution or smoking. In emphysema, the alveoli rupture, creating large air spaces in the lungs. Air can be inhaled but not exhaled. Due to chronic over expansion of the lungs, the thorax becomes deformed (barrel chest).

Answer 11

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Question 12

Inherited, eventually fatal disease caused by a recessive gene. Cystic fibrosis affects all the exocrine cells (those that secrete mucus, digestive enzymes, and sweat), but the respiratory system is particularly affected. Mucus is extra think and blocks alveoli and bronchioles. The pancreas develops cysts that become fibrous tissue.

Answer 12

Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

Question 13

Acute viral infection of the upper and lower respiratory tracts. Symptoms include fever, severe muscle aches, and cough.

Answer 13

Influenza (Flu)

Question 14

Caused when aspirin is used to relieve flu symptoms in children. It causes very high levels of ammonia in the blood and brain, vomiting, seizures, and liver failure. Can be acute or fatal.

Answer 14

Reye’s Syndrome

Question 15

Localized collection of purulent material (pus) in the thoracic cavity from an infection in the lungs. Also known as pyothorax.

Answer 15

Empyema

Question 16

Severe, sometimes fatal, bacterial infection that begins with flu-like symptoms, body aches and fever, followed by severe pneumonia with possible liver and kidney degeneration.

First identified in 1976 in Philadelphia when people were breathing air from air conditioning contaminated with bacterium Legionella pneumophilia.

Answer 16

Legionnaire’s disease

Question 17

Cancerous tumor of the lungs. Common in smokers. Begins in bronchi and obstructs airway as tumor grows.

Answer 17

Lung cancer

Question 18

Constant exposure to inhaled particles causes pulmonary fibrosis in which the alveoli lose elasticity.

Answer 18

Occupational Lung Disease

Question 19

Occupational lung disease caused by coal dust (also called coal miner’s lung or black lung disease).

Answer 19

Anthracosis

Question 20

Occupational Lung disease caused by asbestos fibers.

Answer 20

Asbestosis

Question 21

Occupational lung disease caused by chronically inhaling some type of dust or particle.

Answer 21

Pneumoconiosis

Question 22

Inflammation or infection of some or all of the lobes of lungs and bronchi. Fluid from inflamed tissues, plus microorganism and white blood cells fill alveoli and air passages.

Answer 22

Pneumonia

Question 23

Caused by foreign matter such as vomit that is inhaled into lungs

Answer 23

Aspiration pneumonia

Question 24

Pneumonia caused by bacterium

Answer 24

Bacterial pneumonia

Question 25

Pneumonia that affects bronchi, bronchioles, and the adjacent lung tissue and alveoli.

Answer 25

Bronchopneumonia

Question 26

Pneumonia that involves both lungs

Answer 26

Double pneumonia

Question 27

Pneumonia that affects one part or all of a lobe of a lung.

Panlobar pneumonia affects all the lobes of one lung.

Answer 27

Lobar pneumonia

Question 28

Acute pneumonia cause by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Answer 28

Pneumococcal pneumonia

Question 29

Severe form of pneumonia caused by the amoeba Pneumocystis carinii. Most people are infected at childhood and lays doormat for years and waits for opportunity to cause disease (opportunistic infection).

Answer 29

Pneumocystic Carnii Pneumonia (PCP)

Question 30

Pneumonia caused by virus

Answer 30

Viral pneumonia

Question 31

Mild form of pneumonia caused by bacterium Mysoplasma pneumoniae. Patient doesn’t feel well but can continue daily activities.

Answer 31

Walking pneumonia

Question 32

Fluid in the alveoli because of failure of the left side of the heart to adequately pump blood. There’s backup in pulmonary circulation.

Answer 32

Pulmonary edema

Question 33

Blockage of one of pulmonary arteries by Embolus (blood clot or fat globule). A blood clot can develop in the legs of a patient on prolonged bed rest, or fat globule is released from yellow marrow when a long bone is fractured. The embolus travels to the heart and into pulmonary artery and becomes trapped and blocks arterial flow going to lungs. Can be fatal.

Answer 33

Pulmonary Embolism