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A Level Chemistry - Organic Chemistry > 3.3.4 Alkenes > Flashcards

3.3.4 Alkenes Flashcards

1
Q

What is a polymer

A

are molecules made from a large number of monomers joined together

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2
Q

What is a monomer

A

The smaller units from which larger molecules are made

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3
Q

What is addition polymerisation

A

Reaction in which many monomers with c=c form long chain of polymers as the only product

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4
Q

Why are addition polymers unreactive

A

Non - polar and relatively strong

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5
Q

What are the forces in an Alkene

A

Van der Waals
Because the chains are non-polar

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6
Q

Give uses of PVC and why

A

Plastic pipes window frames
Rigid and hard

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7
Q

Why is PVC rigid/hard

A

Presence of dipole-dipole interactions
Due to difference in electronegativity between chlorine and carbon

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8
Q

How does a plasticiser work

A

Causes chains to move apart
Weakening intermolecular forces of attraction
Chains become flexible

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9
Q

Formula for alkenes

A

C2 H2n

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10
Q

Are alkenes saturated or unsaturated

A

Unsaturated c=c

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11
Q

Why are alkenes highly reactive

A

Double bond has a high electron density
Pie and sigma bonds
Makes easier to attack

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12
Q

Are alkenes soluble or insoluble in water

A

Insoluble in water

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13
Q

Which is which E Z isomers

A

Z isomers together
E isomers opposite

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14
Q

Priority in E Z isomers is determined by

A

Greater atomic number
(And the order in which bonded)

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15
Q

What forces hold together long polymer chains and why

A

Van Der Waals
Because chains are non-polar

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16
Q

What are uses of PVC with plasticiser x2

A

Flooring
Insulation in electrical cables

17
Q

What types of bonds are found around a c=c and which is where

A

Sigmas bond between both carbons
Pi bond found around

18
Q

How is the pi bond caused

A

Overlap of p orbitals

19
Q

Alkenes are soluble/insoluble in water

A

Insoluble

20
Q

Alkenes are …. Reactive because …..

A

Highly
Pi bond has high electron density so easier to attack

21
Q

Bond enthalpy of pi and sigma bonds explained

A

Pi bond enthalpy less than sigma bond
So pi bond is easier to break so more likely to take part in reactions

22
Q

Stereoisomers definition

A

Molecules with the same molecule and structural formula but different arrangement of atoms in space

23
Q

In what situation would there be non E Z isomers
Think what would the molecule need to have coming off c=c

A

One side has the same groups on both strands
So on one side two hydrogen etc

24
Q

What does the stability of an Alkene depend on

A

The number of alkyl groups that are bonded to the c+ in carbonisation step

25
Q

Do addition reaction of alkenes

A

DO IT RN
Flashcards and book

26
Q

When symmetrical alkenes undergo electrophilic addition how many different products can be formed

A

Only ONE
can go either side but it would still be the same product rotated

27
Q

When unsymmetrical alkenes undergo electrophilic addition how many products are formed
+ which is more likely

A

Two
The hydrogen from the halide is more likely to bind to the carbon which has more hydrogens

28
Q

What does the stability depend on

A

The number of alkyl groups attached

29
Q

Which is most to least stable tertiary secondary primary alkanes

A

Teritary
Secondary
Primary
The more carbons attached the more stable

30
Q

If it is more stable it is more likely to form the major/minor product

A

Major

31
Q

Test for alkenes

A

Bromine water
Alkene - Turns from orange to colourless (must say turns)
Alkanes - no observable reaction

32
Q

How to know which mechanism occurs with hydroxide ion

A

Nucleophilic Substitution
Primary
Aqueous
Warm
Nucleophilic

Elimination
Concentrated
Hot
Elimination
Ethanol solvent
Tertiary

33
Q

What is an electrophile

A

Electron pair acceptor
( they are deficient in electrons )

34
Q

How is an alkyl hydrogen sulfate converted to an alcohol

A

Add cold water
Will have alcohol + sulfuric acid
Process called hydrolysis

A Level Chemistry - Organic Chemistry (6 decks)

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