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EXSC 310 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

0
Q

What calculates energy expenditure from the ratio of CO2 produced to O2 consumed

A

Indirect calorimetry

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1
Q

What measures the body’s heat production to estimate energy expenditure

A

Direct calorimetry

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2
Q

What is the rate of O2 and CO2 exchanged in the lungs=rate of use and release by the body tissues

A

Oxygen consumption (VO2)

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3
Q

What method is used to measure oxygen consumption (VO2)

A

Indirect calorimetry

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4
Q

What is the single best measurement of cardiorespiratory endurance and aerobic fitness

A

VO2 max

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5
Q

The higher the ________, the higher the fitness level

A

VO2 max

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6
Q

What is VO2

A

The volume of oxygen consumed per minute

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7
Q

What is VCO2

A

The volume of carbon dioxide produced per minute

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8
Q

What are the three gases that make up inspired air

A

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Nitrogen

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9
Q

Oxygen:
Carbon dioxide:
Nitrogen:

A
  1. 93
  2. 04
  3. 03
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10
Q

What is a mathematical formula formula that allows us to calculate VI from VE because nitrogen concentration remain constant

A

The Haldane transformation

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11
Q

In what is the ratio between CO2 released (VCO2) and oxygen consumed (VO2)

A

respiratory exchange rate (RER)

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12
Q

RER= ____/_____

A

VCO2/ VO2

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13
Q

RER provides us data that reveals what primary ________ our body is using for energy production

A

Substrate

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14
Q

The RER value at rest is usually what

A

.80

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15
Q

RER oxidation of fat is what

A

.70

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16
Q

RER oxidation of carbohydrate is what

A

1.0

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17
Q

RMR is the minimum amount of energy required by the body to sustain basic _______ function

A

Cellular

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18
Q

Depending on the individual, RMR ranges from __________kcal/day

A

1100 to 2500

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19
Q

When activity is added, RMR’s daily caloric expenditure is __________ kcal/day or higher

A

1700-3100

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20
Q

What factors affect RMR

A 
Age
Body temperature 
Psychological stress
Hormone 
Injury
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21
Q

RMR gradually decreases with what

A

Age

22
Q

RMR increases with increasing what

A

Temperature

23
Q

What hormones increase RMR

A

Thyroxine and epinephrine

24
Q

When the body is healing from an injury RMR _______

A

Increases

25
Q

During exercise at a constant power output (work rate) VO2 increases from it’s resting value to a steady state value within __ to ___ minutes

A

2 to 3

26
Q

Metabolic rate during sub maximal exercise, increases in metabolism and VO2 are ______ with increases in work rate (exercise intensity)

A

Proportional

27
Q

VO2 max is the maximal capacity for _____ consumption by the body during _____ exertion

A

Oxygen

Maximal

28
Q

VO2 max is expressed relative to what

A

Body weight

29
Q

What are the highest VO2 max values for male and female

A

Male: 94
Female: 77

30
Q

VO2 max declines after what ages

A

25-30 1% per year

31
Q

What is the difference between the O2 required for a given exercise intensity and the actual O2 consumption

A

Oxygen deficit

32
Q

In anaerobic capacity there is ___ ______ acceptance method to determine ones ______ anaerobic capacity

A

No clear

True

33
Q

Anaerobic capacity can only be _______

A

Estimated

34
Q

What’s is the anaerobic effort estimated by the elevated O2 consumption after an exercise bout had ended

A

Excess post exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)

35
Q

A factor responsible for EPOC is rebuilding depleted ______ supplies

A

ATP/PCr

36
Q

What is the point at which blood lactate begins to accumulate (exceeding lactate clearance) during intense exercise

A

Lactate threshold

37
Q

The lactate threshold denotes a shift in energy systems from ______ to _______

A

O2

Anaerobic

38
Q

Lactate threshold is expressed as a ____ of VO2 max

A

%

39
Q

In lactate threshold H+ accumulation contributes to ______ (the ______)

A

Fatigue

Wall

40
Q

What is one of the best determinants of an athletes pace in endurance events

A

Lactate threshold

41
Q

Untrained people have LT around __% to ___% of their VO2 max

A

50

60

42
Q

Elite athletes may not reach LT until around ___% to ____% VO2 max

A

70

80

43
Q

What are the characteristics of successful endurance athletes

A
  1. High VO2 max
  2. Lactate threshold
  3. Economy of effort
  4. High % of type 1 fibers
44
Q

Causes of fatigue:

1. _______ depletion. (Diet)

A

Energy

45
Q

Causes of fatigue:

2. Accumulation of ____ which decreases_____

A

H+

pH

46
Q

Causes of fatigue:

3. Failure of the muscle fibers _______ mechanism

A

Contractile

47
Q

Causes of fatigue:

4. Muscle fiber _____

A

Type

48
Q

Causes of fatigue:

5: alterations in the _______ system

A

Nervous

49
Q

Causes of fatigue:

6. ______ level

A

Fitness

50
Q

Cells buffer H+ as lactate with bicarbonate to keep cell pH between _____ (at exhaustion) and _______

A
  1. 4

7. 1

51
Q

Intercellular pH lower than 6.9, however, slows ______ and _____ production

A

Glycolysis

ATP

52
Q

When pH reaches 6.6 to 6.4, H+ levels ____ glycolysis and the result is ______

A

Inhibit

Exhaustion

53
Q

The primary cause of fatigue during maximal, all out exercise lasting more than 30 seconds is ___ _____ ______

A

Low muscle pH

EXSC 310 (19 decks)

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