Chapter 7

Question 0

Inspiration is an active process in which the _______ and ______ ______ muscles contract, increasing dimensions and volume of the _______ cage.

Answer 0

Diaphragm
External intercostal
Thoracic

Question 1

Pulmonary ventilation: the amount of air moved ____ and ____ of the lungs.

Answer 1

In

Out

Question 2

Expiration: at rest is normally _____; the inspiratory muscle relax, decreasing the ______ cage

Answer 2

Passive

Thoracic

Question 3

_______ inspiration and expiration (ie: during exercise) are active processes involving ________ muscles

Answer 3

Forced

Accessory

Question 4

Lung volumes and capacities are measured by ______

Answer 4

Spirometry

Question 5

_____ volume: amount of air entering and leaving the lungs with each breath

Answer 5

Tidal

Question 6

Vital capacity (VC): greatest amount of air that can be expired after _______ _____

Answer 6

Maximal inspiration

Question 7

______ Volume: amount of air remaining in the lungs after maximal expiration

Answer 7

Residual

Question 8

Total Lung Capacity: (___+____)

Answer 8

VC

RV

Question 9

pulmonary diffusion is the process by which gases are ______ in the _____(____ absorbed, ____ removed)

Answer 9

Exchanged
Alveoli
O2
CO2

Question 10

In pulmonary diffusion gases move from an area of ______ pressure to _______ pressure

Answer 10

Higher

Lower

Question 11

In pulmonary diffusion _____ exchange at the alveoli is facilitated due to an _______ pressure gradient

Answer 11

O2

Increased

Question 12

In oxygen transport oxygen binds to _____ (>98%) or is dissolved in ______ (<2%)

Answer 12

Hemoglobin

Plasma

Question 13

Average O2 saturation in blood at test is ___%

Answer 13

98

Question 14

In oxygen transport increased _____(acidity) and ________ of muscle favors oxygen unloading in the muscle

Answer 14

H+

Temperature

Question 15

CO2 transported in blood in 3 forms:

1. ______ ions
2. Dissolved in blood _____
3. Bound to _______

Answer 15

Bicarbonate
Plasma
Hemoglobin

Question 16

(_____-_____ oxygen difference) is the difference in the O2 content of the _______ and _______ venous blood throughout the body

Answer 16

Arterial venous

Arterial and mixed

Question 17

A typical value for A-VO2 difference at rest is ____ and during exercise is ___

Answer 17

4

15

Question 18

Myoglobin transports O2 from the cell membrane to the ________

Answer 18

Mitochondria

Question 19

What are the factors affecting O2 uptake and delivery?

1. ____ content of blood
2. Amount of blood _____
3. Local conditions within the ______

Answer 19

O2
Flow
Muscle

Question 20

____ carrying capacity typically does not limit _______

Answer 20

O2

Performance