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Ocean Bowl > Oil > Flashcards

Oil Flashcards

1
Q

The Deepwater BP Mancando Well Spill in the Gulf of Mexico happened when?

A

2010

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2
Q

What ship had the largest oil spill to date?

A

Atlantic Empress

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3
Q

When did the Atlantic Empress spill occur and where?

A

1979, West Indies

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4
Q

How many tons of oil was spilled in the Exxon Valdez?

A

38,800 tons (35000 metric tons)

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5
Q

The largest oil spill on record happened when and where?

A

1991, Kuwait/Persian Gulf (Persian Gulf Wars)

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6
Q

How much oil was spilled in of the Gulf of Mexico?

A

700,000 tons

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7
Q

How many people died as a result of the BP Mancando well accident?

A

11

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8
Q

Why is Coal Oil Point in Santa Barbara named in such a manor?

A

Natural oil and gas seeps from the ocean

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9
Q

What famous “adventurer” brought attention to floating tar?

A

Thor Heyerdahl

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10
Q

Floating tar was mostly from?

A

ballast water after cleaning oil ships

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11
Q

What three principal phase components is oil made of?

A

crude oil, natural gas, and condensate

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12
Q

What is natural gas mostly made of?

A

methane

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13
Q

_____ is gaseous under the surface and liquid at the surface?

A

condensate

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14
Q

No 2 Fuel is used for?

A

Home heating oil

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15
Q

Refining of crude oil is done through what two main processes?

A

Cracking and distillation

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16
Q

Marine organisms mostly synthesize what type of hydrocarbon?

A

Simple ones, n-alkanes, and some alkenes

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17
Q

In the 1970s about how many oil spills occurred per year?

A

24.6

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18
Q

Today about how many oil spills occur per year?

A

1.7

19
Q

Accidental input of oil into the marine environment account for about what percent of total oil introduction in the past few decades?

A

ten

20
Q

What source released the most amount of petroleum into the ocean in the 1990s?

A

Natural seeps

21
Q

Accidental oil spills account for approximately what percent of the world’s marine oil input?

A

5 to 10 percent

22
Q

_____ is driven by the turbulence field of the ocean
surface waters and is connected to
ocean eddies at various scales.

A

Horizontal Distribution

23
Q 
An interactive effect of the wind
blowing across the surface water
of the ocean in a manner that creates
convergence and divergence
zones in surface water are what?
A

Langmuir Circulation

24
Q

When spilled, the lower molecular

weight chemicals in oil will do what?

A

Evaporate

25
Q

Emulsification is the act of what?

A

Dispersing liquids or compounds within another until they are mixed. Such as mixing oil and vinegar as best as you can.

26
Q

In respect to oil, what can come
ashore on beaches, rocky intertidal
areas and wetlands such as
marshes and mangroves?

A

Oil slicks and mousse

27
Q

Oil entering wetlands can exist for up to how long?

A

Decades

28
Q

ADIOS stands for?

A

Automated Data Inquiry for Oil Spills

29
Q

Group V oils do what in water?

A

Sink

30
Q

What is a Neuston Net?

A

A contraption with a large rectangular mouth and net used for sampling large quantities of water

31
Q

What type of marine animal seems to be the most sensitive to oil spills?

A

Crustaceans/small amphipods

32
Q

PAH stands for

A

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

33
Q

The Environmental Sensitivity Index was developed when?

A

1977

34
Q

What does the Environmental Sensitivity Index tell someone?

A

the typeof spill response that will be most effective
and when to deploy the response to
protect these resources.

35
Q

NEBA stands for?

A

Net Environmental Benefit Analysis

36
Q

All _____ have a well-developed capacity to metabolize and eliminate PAHs and other oil constituents such as aliphatic hydrocarbons

A

teleost fish

37
Q

How many natural seeps exist in the Gulf of Mexico?

A

22,000

38
Q

Why is naturally seeped oil generally better for a marine environment than spilled oil?

A

Natural seeps contain lower density alkanes and alkenes, while spills contain a mixture of dense and non-dense oil products, namely toxic PAHs

39
Q

Name some aerobic hydrocarbon degraders?

A

Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Deltaproteobacteria and the Firmicutes and fungi

40
Q

How many kilometers of coastline did the BP Gulf of Mexico spill of 2010 effect?

A

1773 km

41
Q

Jet Fuels and gasoline are classified as what type of oil?

A

Type 1 (very light)

42
Q

Diesel, No. 2 Fuel Oil, Light Crudes are classified as what type of oil?

A

Type 2 (light)

43
Q

Most Crude Oils are classified as what type?

A

Type 3 (Medium)

44
Q

Heavy Crude Oils, No. 6 Fuel Oil, Bunker C are classified as what?

A

Type 4 (Heavy)

Ocean Bowl (23 decks)

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