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RSFC Y13 CHEM 2023 > 3.3.7-8 Optical Isomerism - Aldehydes & Ketones > Flashcards

3.3.7-8 Optical Isomerism - Aldehydes & Ketones Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of structural isomerism?

A

molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae

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2
Q

What is the definition of stereoisomerism?

A

molecules with the same structural formula but different arrangement of atoms in space

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3
Q

Optical isomerism is a form of structural or stereo isomerism?

A

stereoisomerism

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4
Q

What are optical isomers?

A

non-superimposable mirror images

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5
Q

What is a chiral carbon?

A

A carbon atom bonded to four different groups

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6
Q

What do chiral molecules do to plane-polarised light?

A

rotate it

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7
Q

What is a racemic mixture?

A

A mixture which contains equal quantities of enantiomers?

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8
Q

What are enantiomers?

A

non-superimposable mirror images

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9
Q

What is meant by a sample which is enantiomerically pure?

A

A sample which contains only one optical isomer

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10
Q

What is another name for chiral centre?

A

stereogenic centre

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11
Q

Aldehydes and ketones are compounds which both contain which type of bond?

A

carbonyl bond

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12
Q

An aldehyde is a compound where the carbonyl bond is located where on the carbon chain?

A

at the end

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13
Q

A ketone is a compound where the carbonyl bond is located where on the carbon chain?

A

in the middle

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14
Q

What is observed when Tollen’s reagent is mixed with an aldehyde?

A

silver mirror forms

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15
Q

What is observed when Tollen’s reagent is mixed with a ketone?

A

No visible change

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16
Q

What is observed when Fehling’s reagent is mixed with an aldehyde?

A

brick-red precipitate forms

17
Q

What is observed when Fehling’s reagent is mixed with a ketone?

A

No visible change

18
Q

What type of product is formed when an aldehyde is reduced?

A

primary alcohol

19
Q

What type of product is formed when a ketone is reduced?

A

secondary alcohol

20
Q

Name the mechanism for the reduction of an aldehyde or ketone?

A

nucleophilic addition

21
Q

What reagent is used to reduce an aldehyde or ketone?

A

NaBH4

22
Q

What condition is needed in the reduction of an aldehyde or ketone

A

acidic solvent

23
Q

Name the product formed when butanone is reduced with NaBH4

A

butan-2-ol

24
Q

Name the product formed when pentanal is reduced with NaBH4

A

pentan-1-ol

25
Q

What type of product is formed when an aldehyde or ketone is reacted with KCN?

A

Hydroxy nitrile

26
Q

Name the product formed when butanal is reacted with KCN

A

2-hydroxypentanenitrile

RSFC Y13 CHEM 2023 (18 decks)

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