Community - Week 5 (Ch 11 18) - Evolve Questions Flashcards
A nurse in community health is planning to begin a class to help mothers returning to work better cope with the stresses of multiple roles. The nurse would most likely use:
- an andragogical approach.
- a behavioral approach.
- . an operational approach.
- a pedagogical approach.
- an andragogical approach.
Andragogy is the art and science of teaching adults and individuals with some knowledge about a health-related topic. In the andragogical model, learners influence what they need and want to learn. Learning strategies for children and individuals with little knowledge about a health-related topic are characterized as pedagogy. Various approaches, methods, and tools can be used to evaluate health and behavioral changes. A behavioral or operational approach to educational classes would not be useful in this situation.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application
REF: Page 197
A neighborhood association group has asked the local nurse in community health for a class on environmental hazards. The nurse in community health has seen good information in the community health text and thinks about getting permission to copy some of the information. The most important thing the nurse should do before using copies of this material is to:
- assess the literacy level of the group.
- see how many plan to attend.
- see whether the group is ready to learn.
- secure a good space for a group meeting.
- assess the literacy level of the group.
Two of the most important learner-related barriers are low literacy and lack of motivation to learn information and make needed behavioral changes. Nurses often deal with individuals and populations who are illiterate or who have low literacy levels.
One out of every five Americans reads below the fifth-grade level, and one out of every three lacks the literacy needed to understand health care providers. Typically, individuals read three to five grade levels below the last year of school completed. It has been found that most health instructions continue to be written at the 10th grade reading level which is too difficult for almost half of the adult readers in the United States.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application
REF: Page 198
The nurse has just taught a client newly diagnosed with diabetes how to administer sliding-scale insulin. The most effective way to evaluate learning is to:
a. provide an online test module.
b. ask whether there are any questions.
c. ask for a return demonstration.
d. give a short paper-and-pencil quiz.
c. ask for a return demonstration.
Evaluation is important in the educational process and the nursing process. You will need to evaluate the educator, the process, and the product. Feedback to the educator provides the educator an opportunity to modify the teaching process and to better meet the learner’s needs. The educator may ask for verbal feedback, as well as get nonverbal feedback by using return demonstrations to see what learners have mastered and by observing facial expressions when feedback is being given.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application
REF: Page 201
A nursing student prepares a treatment plan for a client that draws upon the student’s understanding of pathophysiology and nursing practice theory learned in the student’s coursework. This application of new information used in a different way demonstrates the educational principle of:
- affective domain.
- cognitive domain.
- events of instruction.
- principles of effective education.
- cognitive domain.
The cognitive domain of learning includes memory, recognition, understanding, reasoning, application, and problem solving and is divided into hierarchical classifications of behaviors (i.e., knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation). Learners master each level of recognition in order of difficulty. The level of application involves the use of new information in a different way. The affective domain includes changes in attitudes and the development of values. This situation does not demonstrate events of instruction or educational principles.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application
REF: Pages 190-191
A home health nurse receives a referral to educate an older adult client with diabetes in proper foot care. The nurse’s assessment of the client determines that the client has poor eyesight that may affect the client’s ability to learn and perform certain skills. Which educational principle is being examined?
- Cognitive domain
- Events of instruction
- Principles of effective instruction
- Psychomotor domain
- Psychomotor domain
The psychomotor domain includes the performance of skills that require some degree of neuromuscular coordination and emphasizes motor skills. The cognitive domain includes memory, recognition, understanding, reasoning, application, and problem solving and is divided into a hierarchical classification of behaviors. Education is the establishment and arrangement of events to facilitate learning. Principles that guide the effective educator include message, format, environment, experience, participation, and evaluation.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application
REF: Page 191
A nurse in community health integrates new slides into a presentation that will be given to a local elementary school group regarding the techniques of proper hand washing. The new slides will repeat essential points during the presentation. This demonstrates the nurse’s understanding of what principle?
- Repetition
- Integration
- Participation
- Sequencing
- Repetition
Incorporating repetitive health behaviors into games helps children retain knowledge and acquire skills. When learners are dependent and entering a totally new content area, they may require more pedagogical experiences. Consider both the age of the learner population and their learning needs as you choose either the pedagogical and andragogical principles for the program. In educational programs for children, provide information that matches the developmental abilities of the group.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application
REF: Page 197
A community-oriented nurse convenes a support group for teenage mothers. The nurse understands that this strategy fosters cohesiveness among members and allows the members to learn from one another. What other benefit specific to group teaching will be achieved?
- Cultural sensitivity
- Efficiency in client service
- Learning of new skills
- Distraction-free surroundings
- Efficiency in client service
In the education process, one of the important skills for educators to develop in selecting appropriate educational methods is realizing the benefits of group teaching, such as cohesiveness among members, increased number of clients seen, clients learning from one another, and cost effectiveness. Cohesive groups tend to be more productive and able to accomplish their goals; cohesion can be increased as members better understand the experiences of others and identify common ideas and reactions to various issues. Nurses facilitate this process by pointing out similarities, contrasting supportive differences, or helping members redefine differences in ways that make those dissimilarities compatible.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application
REF: Page 203
Which educational method has been shown to be most effective in fostering treatment adherence?
- Internet based education
- In-person counseling
- Telephone counseling
- Self-directed learning
- Internet based education
Educating people through the Internet has been shown to be more effective in fostering treatment adherence than in-person counseling, telephone counseling, or self-directed learning. It is important to be aware that people increasingly are using the Internet as a source of health information. Clients may ask nurses to provide them with information about ways to evaluate the quality and reliability of this information.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
REF: 200
A nurse is conducting an in-service education session on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC’s) updates for preventive services for a group of nurses in community health. The nurse would demonstrate the best understanding of the educational process by integrating which planning strategies? (Select all that apply.)
- Use of films
- Small group interaction
- Use of games
- Session timing
- Session space
All of the above
Many factors influence a person’s learning needs and the ability to learn, including the learners’ demographic, physical, geographical, economic, psychological, social, and spiritual characteristics. Also consider the learner’s knowledge, skills, and motivation to learn, as well as what resources are available to support and possibly prevent learning. Resources include printed, audio or visual materials, equipment, agencies, and other individuals. Barriers for the presenter include lack of time, skill and/or confidence, money, space, energy, and organizational support.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application
REF: Pages 192-193
Which of the following barriers are specific to the educator? (Select all that apply.)
- Fear of public speaking
- Low literacy
- Limited experience with the topic
- Lack of motivation
- Lack of experience with gaining participation
- Fear of public speaking
- Limited experience with the topic
- Lack of experience with gaining participation
Barriers to learning fall into two broad categories: one concerning the educator and the other concerning the learner. Common educator-related barriers include a fear of public speaking, limited experience with the topic, and lack of experience with gaining participation in the group. Two of the most important learner-related barriers are low literacy and lack of motivation to learn information and make needed behavioral changes.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
REF: Page 198
A nurse in community health is working with a single parent of three children, ages 4, 6, and 8. The 6-year-old has cerebral palsy. The 4-year-old has asthma. The maternal grandmother lives with the family and has diabetes. The nurse understands the importance of working within the context of the existing family structure and community resources because families are:
- resistive to outside intervention or involvement.
- responsible for providing/managing the care of their members.
- unable to manage the stress of complex health needs.
- restricted in their ability to identify interventions.
- responsible for providing/managing the care of their members.
Health care decisions are made within the family, the basic social unit of society. Families are responsible for providing and managing the care of family members. Families are significant members of health care teams because they are an ever-present force over the lifetime of care. Families are more responsible than ever for assisting in the health care of ill family members.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application
REF: Page 307
The nurse in community health uses information about family structure, household composition, marriage, divorce, birth, death, adoption, and other family life events to forecast and predict stresses and developmental changes experienced by families and identify possible solutions to family challenges. This best describes the study of:
- family demographics.
- family functions.
- family health.
- family resilience.
- family demographics.
Family demographics is the study of the structure of families and households and the family-related events, such as marriage and divorce, that alter the structure through their number, timing, and sequencing. Nurses must be knowledgeable about family structures, functions, processes, and roles. In addition, nurses must be aware of and understand their own values and attitudes pertaining to their own families, as well as being open to different family structures and cultures.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application
REF: Page 307
The current-day definition of family refers to two or more individuals who depend on one another for emotional, physical, and/or financial support. Which of the following is the most important principle to support this broader definition?
- Families are defined by genetic ties.
- Family names are needed to confer status.
- Members of a family are self-defined.
- Traditional family functions have been redefined.
- Members of a family are self-defined.
The members of a family are self-defined. Nurses working with families should ask the people whom they consider to be their family and then include those members in health care planning. The family may range from traditional nuclear and extended family to “postmodern” family structures such as single-parent families, stepfamilies, same-gender families, and families consisting of friends.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application
REF: Page 307
A family nurse is working with a married couple that has decided to remain child-free. The nurse recognizes this decision as a:
- biological necessity.
- contemporary family function.
- religious belief decision.
- threat to family survival.
- contemporary family function.
In contemporary times, the traditional functions of families have been modified and new functions added. One of the traditional family functions was to procreate to ensure the survival of the species. Many married couples are electing to be child-free rather than to reproduce.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application
REF: Page 307
The family systems theory encourages nurses to view both the individual clients as participating members of a whole family. What is the major weakness of the systems framework?
- Views families from both a subsystem and a suprasystem approach
- Defines the direction of interactions
- Views the family as an agent of change
- Focuses on the interaction of the family with other systems
- Focuses on the interaction of the family with other systems
The major strength of the systems framework is that it views families from both a subsystem and a suprasystem approach. That is, it views the interactions within and between family subsystems as well as the interaction between families and the larger supersystems, such as the community and the world. The major weakness of the systems framework is that the focus is on the interaction of the family with other systems rather than on the individual, which is sometimes more important.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
REF: Page 312
