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Chemistry > 3.4 Acids > Flashcards

3.4 Acids Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

pH scale

A

< 7 is acidic
= 7 is neutral
> 7 is alkaline

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2
Q

Universal indicator

A 
Acidic = Yellow - Red
Neutral = Green
Alkaline = Light Blue - Purple
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3
Q

Methyl Orange Indicator

A 
Acidic = Red
Neutral = Yellow
Alkaline = Yellow
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4
Q

Phenolphthalein Indicator

A 
Acidic = Colourless
Neutral = Colourless
Alkaline = Pink
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5
Q

Red Litmus Indicator

A 
Acidic = Red
Neutral = (stays) Red
Alkaline = Blue
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6
Q

Blue Litmus Indicator

A 
Acidic = Red
Neutral = (stays) Blue
Alkaline = Blue
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7
Q

Percentage of gas in Air: Oxygen

A

21%

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8
Q

Percentage of gas in Air: Nitrogen

A

78%

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9
Q

Percentage of gas in Air: Argon

A

0.96%

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10
Q

Percentage of gas in Air: Carbon Dioxide

A

0.04%

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11
Q

Practical: Measuring percentage of oxygen

A

Use a syringe and react oxygen with copper, once all has been added to metal, use the equation:

Decrease in vol
——————— X 100
Initial Volume

To find the percentage of oxygen

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12
Q

How to find the percentage of oxygen

A

React it with another element (usually a metal)

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13
Q

What has happened if practicle for oxygen percentage doesn’t work?

A

The metal wasn’t heated for long enough or there’s a leak in the apparatus

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14
Q

Element combustion

A

When an element reacts with oxygen to produce an oxide

Element + Oxygen = Element Oxide

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15
Q

Combustion: Non metal

A

Non-metal turns to a Non-Metal Dioxide that is a Gas (Acidic)

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16
Q

Combustion: Metal

A

A metals turns into a metal oxide that is solid (Alkaline)

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17
Q

Important Combustion: Magnesium

A

2Mg(s) + O2 —> 2MgO(s)

Observations: Bright white light and white powder formed

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18
Q

Important combustion: Sulphur

A

S(s) + O2 (g) —> SO2 (g)

Observations: Blue flame

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19
Q

Important combustion: Hydgrogen

A

2H2 + O2 —> 2H2O

Observations: Squeaky pop

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20
Q

Test for oxygen

A

Glowing splint in x gas, if it relights, oxygen is present

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21
Q

Dissolving Oxides: Metal

A

Metal oxides form alkaline solutions

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22
Q

Dissolving Oxides: Non-metal

A

Non-metal dioxides form acidic solutions

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23
Q

How to determine if an unknown element is metal or non-metal

A
  1. Combust it in oxygen
  2. Dissolve the oxide/dioxide
  3. Check the pH with an indicatior
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24
Q

Definition of Acid

Study These Flashcards
A

A H+ donor (protons)

25
Definition of an alkaline
OH- donor
26
Definition of a base
H+ acceptor
27
Acid Description
Acids dissolve in water then donate H+ making the pH less than 7
28
Alkaline Description
Alkali’s dissolve in water and donate OH- ions making the pH more than 7
29
Bases Description
- Bases dissolve and accept the H+ from H2O molecules | - Left over is OH- cause the solution to have a pH more than 7 also resulting in it being alkaline
30
Important Acids
``` Hydrochloric Acid: HCl Nitric Acid: HNO3 Sulphuric Acid: H2SO4 Phosphoric Acid: H3PO4 Carbonic Acid: H2CO3 ```
31
Important Alkalis
Sodium Hydroxide: NaOH Potassium Hydroxide: KOH Ammonium Hydroxide: NH4OH (All soluble metal hydroxides)
32
Important Bases
Ammonia: NH3 (All metal oxides) (All metal hydroxides)
33
Important Ion formulas
``` Ammonium Hydroxide Nitrate Carbonate Sulphate Phosphate ```
34
Ammonium Ion Formula
NH+4
35
Hydroxide Ion Formula
OH-
36
Nitrate Ion Formula
NO3-
37
Carbonate Ion Formula
CO3-2
38
Sulphate Ion Formula
SO4-2
39
Phosphate Ion Formula
PO4-3
40
Polyatomic ions in chemical formula
Need to go in brackets to work
41
Acid + Base reaction
Acid + Base —> Salt and Water
42
Acid + Metal reaction
Acid + Metal —> Salt + Hydrogen
43
Salt solubility Rules: Completely soluble
- Sodium - Potassium - Ammonium - Nitrate
44
Salt solubility Rules: Chloride
Soluble except with Ag+ (silver) and Pb+2 (lead)
45
Salt solubility Rules: Suphate
Soluble except: Ca+2 (calcium), Ba+2 (Barium), Pb+2 (lead)
46
Salt solubility Rules: Carbonate
Insoluble except: Na+ (sodium), K+ (potassium) & NH4+ (ammonium)
47
Salt solubility Rules: Hydroxide
Insoluble except: Na+ (sodium), K+ (potassium) & Ca+2 (calcium)
48
Salt solubility Rules: Oxide
Insoluble except: Na+ (sodium), K+ (potassium) & NH+4 (ammonium)
49
Reactivity series
K, Na, Li, Ca, Mg, Al, C, Zi, Fe, Pb, H, Cu, Ag, Au
50
Reactivity series rap
``` Please- Potassium Send- Sodium Lions- Lithium Cats- Calcium Monkeys- Magnesium And- Aluminium Zebra’s- Zinc In- Iron To- Tin (lead) Hot- Hydrogen Countries- Copper Signed- Silver Gordon- Gold ```
51
Observations of acid + metal reaction
- The metal disappears as it is sued up in the reaction | - There is fizzing because hydrogen gas is produced
52
Test for hydrogen
Lit splint in gas, pop if hydrogen is present
53
Observation of Acid + Base Reaction
-The base disappears as it used up in the reaction
54
Making salt crystals (Acid + Base)
- Add excess base to hit acid - Filter out excess bass - Salt solution is then collected in evaporation basin - Heat salt solution until crystals form around edges - Leave salt solution to crystallise - Evaporation of water allows crystals to form
55
Acid + Carbonate Reaction
Acid + Carbonate —> Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide
56
Observations of Acid + Carbonate Reaction
- The carbonate disappears as it has been used up in the reaction - Fizzing as carbon dioxide gas is produced
57
What happens to the salt in an Acid + Something reaction
If it is soluble, it will dissolve
58
Carbon Dioxide Test
Limewater turns cloudy if carbon dioxide is present

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