3.4 - Prokaryotic cells

Question 1

Organelle structure in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic structure

Answer 1

eukaryotic contains both membrane bound and non-membrane bound organelles whereas prokaryotic contains a few non-membrane bound organelles

Question 2

Cell wall comparison in prokaryotic vs eukaryotic

Answer 2

eukaryotic are made up of cellulose or chitin in fungi

prokaryotic are made up of murein

Question 3

types of ribosomes present in eukaryotic and prokaryotic

Answer 3

80S in Eukaryotic

70S in Prokaryotic

Question 4

Comparison in size of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

Answer 4

eukaryotes are 10-100 micrometres

prokaryotes are 0.1-5 micrometres

Question 5

What can prokaryotes have additionally in organelles compared to eukaryotes (3):

Answer 5

an extra layer around the cell wall known as a capsule.
* this structure is made up of polysaccharides and protects the cells from attack by antibiotics or white blood cells.
a flagellum;
* attached to the cell membrane and rotates to push the cell through its environment.
pili;
* attaching prokaryotic cells to other cells or surfaces.

Question 6

Differences of prokaryotes from eukaryotes (3):

Answer 6

• Cell wall- In prokaryotic cells, this is made of murein (peptidoglycan).
• Ribosomes- Prokaryotic cells have 70S ribosomes, which are smaller than the 80S ribosomes found in eukaryotic cells.
• Genetic material - In prokaryotic cells, this is mostly found in a large circular strand of DNA (sometimes called a circular chromosome or nucleoid), and some extra genes (like those for antibiotics resistance) are found in smaller loops called plasmids.