Paediatrics

Question 1

Pathogen causing epiglotitis?

Answer 1

H. flu type B

HIB vaccine is protective

Question 2

What is the medical name for cradle cap?

Answer 2

Seborrhoeic dermatits

Question 3

If a baby become jaundice from breast milk what should you do?

Answer 3

Encourage breast milk feeding - benefits outweigh negitive of this benign jaundice

Question 4

What syndrome do these findings suggest?

Female, short stature, ptosis, left heart defect (coarctation)

Answer 4

Turner’s syndome

XO karyotype (1 X chrmsm)

Question 5

What would widened, frayed, cupped metaphyses and osteopenia suggest on an XRay?

Answer 5

Rickets

Question 6

Prophylactic treatment of migraine?

Answer 6

Pizotifen

Question 7

How do you calculate to maintainance fluid requirement?

Answer 7

20kg: 1500 + 20 ml/kg/24hr

Question 8

How do you calculate the deficit fluid requirement?

Answer 8

% dehydrated x weight x 10

Mild dehydration = 10%

Question 9

In an emergency, what is the bolus fluid amount given (ie if pt is in shock)?

Answer 9

20ml/kg STAT

Question 10

Can children under 16 opt to refuse treatment?

Answer 10

Although children Gillick competent can consent to treatment, they cannot refuse it.

Decision to opt out rests with person with parental responsibility.

Question 11

When does heart failure present in children?

Answer 11

4-6 weeks - when pulmonary vasular resistance falls

Question 12

Symptoms of HF in children?

Answer 12

SOB, worse on feeding, sweating, increase RR & HR, hepatomegally

Question 13

Which populations is rickets most common in?

Answer 13

African-carribeans and south asians

Question 14

Young child presents with trauma, what cannot be overlooked?

Answer 14

Non accidental injury - imperitive to consider age and developement. Is the alleged injury even possible?

Question 15

Hypoalbuminaemia, proteinuria, oedema. What syndrome is this?

Answer 15

Nephrotic, commonly occuring post-infection

Question 16

Which congenital heart defects are systolic?

Answer 16

AS, PS, VSD, ASD

Question 17

Continuous murmur, what is this usually?

Answer 17

PDA

Question 18

What defects does a normal pulse rule out?

Answer 18

AS and coarctation

Question 19

Should you stop immunisaitons if the patient has a mild infection?

Answer 19

No

Question 20

When treating DKA, what might need to be added to the fluids?

Answer 20

Potassium needs to be added to maintenance fluid to prevent hypokalaemia

Question 21

Laxative is prescribed, how long should it be taken for?

Answer 21

6 months

Question 22

Bed wetting, what is the condition called and how is it treated?

Answer 22

Primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis

Eneuresis alarm and star chart
Desmopressin in short term for trips, ect.

Question 23

How common are innocent heart murmurs?

Answer 23

60% of newborns have them

Question 24

What condition is described?

Flitting polyarthritis, erythema marginatum and sore throat

Answer 24

Rheumatic fever

Question 25

What is the commonest cause of acute abdo in children >5yrs?

Answer 25

Appendicitis