Chapter 8 Vocab

Question 0

Metabolic pathway

Answer 0

A series of chemical reactions hat either builds a complex molecule or breaks down a complex molecule into simpler compounds

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

The totality of an organisms chemical reactions, consisting of catabolic and anabolic pathways, which manage the material and energy resources of the organism

Question 2

Anabolic pathway

Answer 2

A metabolic pathway that consumes energy to synthesize a complex molecule from simpler compounds

Question 3

ATP

Answer 3

An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when it’s phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive ended finis reactions in cells

Question 4

Activation energy

Answer 4

The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start

Question 5

Catabolic pathway

Answer 5

A metabolic pathway that releases energy by breaking down complex molecules to simpler compounds

Question 6

Chemical energy

Answer 6

Energy available in molecules for release in a chemical reaction; a form of potential energy

Question 7

Catalyst

Answer 7

A chemical AGENT that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction

Question 8

Competitive inhibitors

Answer 8

A substance that REDUCES THE ACTIVITY OF AN ENZYME by entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structure it mimics

Question 9

Exergonic reaction

Answer 9

A spontaneous chemical reaction, in which there is a net release of free energy

Question 10

Endergonic reaction

Answer 10

A non-spontaneous chemical reaction, in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings

Question 11

Free energy

Answer 11

The portion of s biological systems energy that can perform work then temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system

Question 12

Feedback inhibition

Answer 12

A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway

Question 13

First law of thermodynamics

Answer 13

The principle of conservation of energy. Energy can be transferred and transformed, but if cannot be created or destroyed

Question 14

Noncompetitive inhibitors

Answer 14

A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site, changing the enzymes shake so that the active site no longer functions effectively

Question 15

Phosphorylated

Answer 15

Referring to a molecule that is COVALENTLY bonded to a phosphate group

Question 16

Second law of thermodynamics

Answer 16

The principle stating that every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe

Question 17

Substrate

Answer 17

The reactant on which an enzyme works

Question 18

Thermodynamics

Answer 18

The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter