Chapter 9 Vocab Flashcards
Aerobic respiration
A catabolic pathway that consumes oxygen (O2) and organic molecules producing ATP. This is the most efficient catabolic pathway and is carried out in most eukaryotic cells and many prokaryotic organisms
Fermentation
Catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end products such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid
Cellular respiration
The catabolic pathways of aerobic and anaerobic respiration, which break down organic molecules for the production of ATP
NAD+
A co-enzyme that can except an electron and acts as an electron carrier in the electron transport chain
Glycolysis
The splitting of glucose into pyruvate. Glycolysis occurs in almost all living cells, serving as a starting point for fermentation or cellular respiration
Citric acid cycle
A chemical cycle involving eight steps that complete the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules begun in glycolysis back to oxidizing pyruvate to carbon dioxide, occurs within the mitochondrion in eukaryotic cells and then the site is all of prokaryotic; occurs within the mitochondria on in eukaryotic cells and in the site is out of prokaryotes; the second major stage and cellular respiration
Electron transport chain
A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP
Substrate level phosphorylation
The formation of ATP bang enzyme directly transferring a fast figure to ADP from the intermediate substrate in catabolism
Acetyl CoA
The entry compound for the citric acid cycle in cellular respiration, form from a fragment of pyruvate attached to coenzyme
Cytochromes
An iron containing protein that is a component of electron transport chain Jenna made a Condron chloroplast of eukaryotic cells and the plasma membrane of prokaryotic cells
ATP synthase
A complex of several membrane proteins that provide a port which protons diffuse……
Chemiosmosis
And energy coupling mechanism that uses energy stored in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient across the membrane to drive cellular work, such as a synthesis of ATP. Most ATP synthesis in sales occurs by communis most us
Proton motive force
The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient…..
Alcohol fermentation
Glycolysis followed by the conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol
Lactic acid fermentation
Glycolysis followed by the conversion of pyruvate to lactate, with no release of carbon dioxide
