WWI

Question 1

the process of assembling troops and supplies and making them ready for war

Answer 1

mobilization

Question 2

the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary. Members of the Black Hand wanted to kill the archduke and his wife and make Bosnia part of the Serbian kingdom. They threw a bomb and it did not kill the archduke so he was later shot by Gavrilo Princip.

Answer 2

Archduke Francis Ferdinand

Question 3

the emperor of Germany who agreed to an alliance with Austria-Hungary

Answer 3

Kaiser William II

Question 4

ordered partial mobilization of the Russian army against Austria-Hungary. This was considered an act of war.

Answer 4

Tsar Nicholas II

Question 5

a leader in the German military who came up with the Schleiffen Plan. The plan called for a 2 front war with France and Russia. First, Germany would invade France then after France was defeated they would invade Russia.

Answer 5

General Alfred Von Schleiffe

Question 6

part of the Marxist party called the Russian Social Democrats. They were led by V. I. Lenin. They wanted to overthrow the provisional government. Their three slogans were “Peace, Land, Bread,” “Worker Control of Production,” and “All Power to the Soviets”

Answer 6

Bolsheviks

Question 7

leader of the Bolsheviks. He received a lot of power when the Bolsheviks seized power. To try to bring peace to Russia, he had to give up a lot of land.

Answer 7

V.I. Lenin

Question 8

an uneducated Siberian peasant who claimed to be a holy man. The wife of Czar Nicholas II, Alexandra fell under his influence. He was assassinated in 1916.

Answer 8

Rasputin

Question 9

the president of the U.S. during WWI who said all citizens are important to winning the war, smart, rebranded the war as “the war to end all wars”, made 14 points plan, guaranteed Germany that if they surrendered the treaty would be based on the 14 points plan

Answer 9

Woodrow Wilson

Question 10

the premier of France who wanted to make Germany pay reparations, give up all weapons, and have the Rhineland as a buffer between France and Germany, present for treaty of versailles

Answer 10

Georges Clemenceau

Question 11

the prime minister of England. He wanted to make the Germans pay for the war, present for treaty of versailles

Answer 11

David Lloyd George

Question 12

Woodrow Wilson’s plan for a peace settlement that he believed justified the enormous military struggle being waged. He wanted to reach peace agreements openly, reduce armies and weapons, and ensure self-determination for each country. He portrayed WWI as a war against absolutism and militarism.

Answer 12

14 points plan

Question 13

final peace settlement that made 5 separate treaties with the 5 defeated nations. The Germans considered it harsh and were not happy with it. It required Germany to pay reparations, give up land, reduce army and navy, and have a demilitarized zone. The U.S. never ratifies this treaty. Changed maritime laws and made chemical weapons illegal. The map of Europe was redrawn (not well). Germany lost all industry, 100% responsible for war, and this treaty was a major cause of WWII.

Answer 13

Treaty of Versailles

Question 14

an American soldier who served in the United States Army during World War I who received the Medal of Honor for bravery.

Answer 14

Dan Edwards

Question 15

He received the Medal of Honor for leading an attack on a German machine gun nest, taking 32 machine guns, killing 28 German soldiers, and capturing 132 others. This action occurred during the United States-led portion of the broader Meuse-Argonne Offensive in France

Answer 15

Sgt. York

Question 16

was the general in the United States Army who led the American Expeditionary Forces to victory over Germany in World War I. He refused to integrate with the British and French forces.

Answer 16

“Black Jack” Pershing

Question 17

a British senior officer during the First World War. He commanded the British Expeditionary Force. He was commander during Battle of the Somme.

Answer 17

General Douglas Haig

Question 18

a war based on wearing the other side down by constant attacks and heavy losses.

Answer 18

war of attrition

Question 19

fighting from ditches protected by barbed wire

Answer 19

trench warfare

Question 20

a war that involves the complete mobilization of resources and people, affecting the lives of all people in the warring countries, even those remote from the battlefields.

Answer 20

total war

Question 21

a British liner that was sunk by a German torpedo

Answer 21

Lusitania

Question 22

a type of naval warfare where submarines sink boats without any warning

Answer 22

unrestricted submarine warfare

Question 23

a group of merchantmen or troopships traveling together with a naval escort

Answer 23

convoy

Question 24

payment made to the victors by the vanquished to cover the costs of war.

Answer 24

reparations

Question 25

a 10 month battle where 700,000 men died making WWI a war of attrition. Longest battle of WWI. Germany retreated.

Answer 25

Verdun

Question 26

1st- Allies halted the German advance by sending 2000 Parisian taxicabs carrying troops to the front line. This caused a stalemate. One of the first battles of WWI. The Allies won.
2nd - The German advance was stopped by the French, Moroccan, and American troops. They threw the Germans back over the Marne. Obj - to take control of Western Front. Allies won.

Answer 26

1st and 2nd Marne

Question 27

The British and French attacked German defensive lines near the Somme River. On the first day about 21,000 British soldiers died and after 4 months of fighting they had only advanced 5 miles. About 1 million Allied and German soldiers were killed or wounded. Worst casualties in British history. Wanted to relieve Verdun.

Answer 27

Somme

Question 28

Allied forces tired to open a Balkan front by landing troops in Gallipoli. Belgium entered on the side of the Central Powers. Allied forces retreated. Wanted to control areas used to communicated with Russia.

Answer 28

Gallipoli

Question 29

The Germans defeated the Russian here in this battle. The battle was on August 30 1914. Between Germany, Russia, and Austria. Worst battle on Eastern Front.

Answer 29

Tannenberg

Question 30

The Germans defeated the Russians in this battle. This battle was on September 15. The defeats here and at Tannenberg made the Russians no longer a threat to German territory.

Answer 30

Masurian Lakes

Question 31

Democratic government set up after the German monarchy fell

Answer 31

Weimer Republic

Question 32

Who was Lenin’s right-hand man?

Answer 32

Trotsky

Question 33

Who was present for the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 33

Woodrow Wilson, Georges Clemenceau, David Lloyd George and Vittorio Orlando

Question 34

What were the primary terms of the Versailles Treaty?

Answer 34

The Treaty of Versailles required Germany to pay reparations, accept blame for the war, reduce its army and navy, eliminate its air force, and they had to return Alsace and Lorraine (the land they gained in the Franco-Prussian war) to France. Also the German land along both sides of the Rhine was demilitarized and stripped of all weapons and fortifications. It also changed the borders in Europe completely getting rid of Austria-Hungary. It also created the League of Nations. It made the use of chemical weapons and secret negotiations illegal. It also changed maritime laws and increased free trade.

Question 35

How did Bismarck’s balance of power system both prevent and cause war?

Answer 35

It prevented war until William II messed up alliance system and made everyone join the war.

Question 36

Describe trench warfare, why did it develop?

Answer 36

Trench warfare is a type of warfare fought from ditches surrounded by barbed wire. It was developed because of the new weapons that the countries had. They realized that having the troops very close with the new weapons would be deadly for both sides.

Question 37

List the causes of WWI.

Answer 37

Imperialism, nationalism, militarism, racism, industrialism, the powerful people were idiots, and the alliance system. And the assassination of the archduke was the trigger.

Question 38

List the ways the U.S. directly affected the outcome of WWI.

Answer 38

The U.S. helped the Allies to win sooner so the war was shorter than it would have been otherwise. They also ended the stalemate. Woodrow Wilson suggested the creation of the League of Nations which affected the way things were after the war. New strategies, loaned money, gave supplies, new troops, and boosted morale.

Question 39

Why did the U.S. enter the war?

Answer 39

The US entered the war because of the sinking of the Lusitania, the Zimmerman telegram, the economic ties to european powers (if the Allies lost they couldn’t pay back the money they owed), and the Russian revolution (concerned about stalemate).

Question 40

Why did the Germans used unrestricted submarine warfare?

Answer 40

They started to use it out of desperation and to keep America out of the war. Also their navy wasn’t extremely strong so using unrestricted submarine warfare they had a better chance of hurting Great Britain. To blockade ships going to Allies by using u-boats.

Question 41

New weapons used in WWI and how did they change the way war was waged?

Answer 41

Tanks - They could move through places where on foot they would get killed
Flamethrowers - Burn alive soldiers in trenches
Poison Gas - Thrown into trenches killing many soldiers
Planes - first time used in warfare extensively
Submarines - first time used in warfare extensively
Pill boxes - concrete dug-in guard posts, normally equipped with loopholes through which to fire weapons.
Grenades

Question 42

Effects of WWI on world history.

Answer 42

The Treaty of Versailles led to World War II. New governmental ideas such as socialism were spreading. Technology became more prominent and sold more. Redrew the map of the world. Led to Great Depression and other long-term economic effects. Made agriculture industrialize and urbanize and changed the role of women. Realigned great powers.