C12 13-14

Question 0

Folia

Answer 0

folds of the cerebellar cortex

Question 1

Cerebellum anatomical features (5)

Answer 1

Folia,
L/R cerebellar hemispheres, 
Vermis, 
Arbor Vitae, 
Cerebellar peduncles

Question 2

Vermis

Answer 2

“Worm” band of cortex along midline between cerebrellar hemispheres; receives sensory input reporting torso position and balance.

Question 3

Arbor Vitae

Answer 3

distribution pattern of white matter

Question 5

Cerebellar peduncles

Answer 5

Link the cerebellum –> brain stem;

How info gets in and out of cerebellum

Question 6

Functions of the cerebellum (5)

Answer 6

1. fine-tune skeletal muscle movement initiated by the cerebrum
2. “Comparator” function: Compare intention to execution
3. Stores memory of previously learned movement patterns
4. Plays a role in equilibrium
5. receives sensory info from muscles/joints alerting the cerebrum about the position of each body joint and its muscle tone.

Question 7

Disorders of cerebellum

Answer 7

Intentional tremors - inability to start and stop skeletal muscle actions quickly. (Cerebellum has lost its fine tuning ability.)

Question 8

Structures of the limbic system

Answer 8

Hypothalamus, cingulate gyrus, amygdala, hippocampus, olfactory bulbs/tracts/cortex. (Located by cerebrum and diencephalon)

Question 9

Functions of the limbic system

Answer 9

Emotion, link, memory, motivation, smell

1. Process and experience emotions and establish emotional states
2. Links the conscious, intellectual functions of the cerebral cortex with the unconscious/autonomic functions of the brain stem
3. facilitating memory storage and retrieval
4. motivational system
5. links smell to emotion

Question 10

Amygdala

Answer 10

• Interface limbic sys/cerebrum/sensory systems.
• emotion, esp fear.
• Store and code memories based upon how they are emotionally perceived.

Question 11

Hippocampus

Answer 11

• Important in learning.

- Esp in storage and retrieval of new long-term memory.

Question 12

Olfactory bulbs/tracts/cortex in limbic system?

Answer 12

Odors can provoke certain emotions or be associated with certain memories.

Question 13

Reticular formation location/function

Answer 13

Location: brain stem and thalmus,

receiving and integrating incoming sensory input and in the process keeping the cortex alert and aroused.

Smell does not activate reticular system

Question 14

What is RAS?

Answer 14

Reticular activating system.

Cortical alertness and direct attention.

Dampens familiar, repetetive or weak sensory inputs.

Question 15

Evolution

Answer 15

Lateralization,
ridges/folds,
size,
amount dedicated to movement (catching prey)

Question 16

Comparator function, 5 steps

Answer 16

1. Upper motor neuron send message / initiates contraction
2. Impulse moves down spinal cord and synapses with lower motor neurons.
3. The cerebellum is notified of the intention of action
4. Proprioceptors report back to the cerebellum about the execution of the action
5. If the execution was not correct, then another corrective signal is sent via the red nuclei (fine tuning)