C12 5-6

Question 0

Where is the Primary motor cortex located?

Answer 0

Precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe.

Question 1

What are the three main motor areas of the cortex?

Answer 1

Primary motor cortex, Broca’s area, Frontal eye field

Question 2

What is the function of the primary motor cortex?

Answer 2

consciously control precise or skilled voluntary movement of skeletal muscle.

Contains pyramidal neurons - the axons of the neurons project contralaterally either in brain stem or spinal cord - thus, the L primary motor cortex controls the R-side voluntary muscles and vv.

Question 3

What is a motor homunculus?

Answer 3

A diagram that illustrates the distribution of the primary motor cortex innervation to various body parts.

Question 4

Where is the Broca’s area located?

Answer 4

Anterior to the inferior region of the premotor area.

Question 5

What is the function of the Broca’s area?

Answer 5

Regulate patterns of breathing

control muscular movements for vocalization.

Question 6

How does the Broca’s area control speech?

Answer 6

1. From Broca’s, impulses pass –> premotor regions that control the muscle of the larynx/pharynx/mouth.
2. Premotor area impulses result in specific, coordinated, muscle movements.
3. Simultaneously, from Broca’s, impulses pass to the primary motor area.
4. From the primary motor area, impulses control the breathing muscles to regulate the proper flow of air passing the vocal cords.

Question 7

What does injury to language areas

result in?

Answer 7

Aphasia (without speech) Damage to Broca’s results in nonfluent aphasia (inability to articulate or form words)

Question 8

Where is the frontal eye field located?

Answer 8

anterior to the premotor cortex, superior to broca’s.

Question 9

What is the function of the frontal eye field?

Answer 9

Controls voluntary movement of the eyes.

Question 10

What does damage to areas of the primary motor cortex result in?

Answer 10

Paralyzes muscles controlled by those areas. Only voluntary movement - muscles can still contract reflexively.

Question 11

7 sensory areas?

Answer 11

somatosensory, visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, visceral, vestibular

Question 12

Where is the Primary somatosensory cortex located?

Answer 12

Postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe.

Question 13

What does the primary somatosensory cortex do?

Answer 13

Receives general somatic sensory information from proprioceptors (body position) as well as touch, pressure, pain and temperature receptors.

Then, spatially discriminate and identify the body region being stimulated.

Question 14

Where is the primary visual cortex located?

Answer 14

Occipital lobe

Question 15

What is the function of the primary visual cortex?

Answer 15

Receives and processes incoming visual information from retina (largest cortical sensory area)

Question 16

Where is the Primary auditory cortex located?

Answer 16

Temporal lobe

Question 17

What is the function of the primary auditory cortex?

Answer 17

Receives and processes incoming auditory information from the inner ear impulses

Question 18

Where is the primary olfactory cortex located?

Answer 18

Temporal lobe

Question 19

What is the function of the primary olfactory cortex?

Answer 19

Awareness of smells, smell receptors in the nasal cavities –> olfactory tracts –> olfctory cortex

Question 20

Where is the primary gustatory cortex located?

Answer 20

Insula

Question 21

What is the function of the primary gustatory cortex?

Answer 21

Processing taste information

Question 22

Where is the visceral sensory area located?

Answer 22

Insula

Question 23

What is the function of the visceral sensory area?

Answer 23

Conscious perception of visceral sensations (i.e. upset stomach, full bladder)

Question 24

What sensory area deals with balance?

Answer 24

vestibular (equilibrium) cortex. (In insula/parietal)

Question 25

Proprioceptor

Answer 25

Receptor located in a joint, muscle or tendon. Concerned with locomotion/posture/muscle tone.

Question 26

Broca’s aphasia

Answer 26

Know what they want to say, have difficulty forming words. Simple, slow speech. Can understand others.