Chapter 8

Question 1

Exotoxins

Answer 1

excreted by a living cell, with high concentrations in iiquid

Question 2

Endotoxins

Answer 2

Integral part of the cell wall which is released upon cell death and sometimes during cell growth (gram - organsims)

Question 3

Bacterial Enzymes

Answer 3

Coagulase, hyaluronidase, cytolysins

Question 4

Coagulase

Answer 4

enzyme that helps blood to clot which then prevents wbc’s from reaching sight of the infection

Question 5

Fungi

Answer 5

eukaryotic organisms that can cause infection

Question 6

Mycoses

Answer 6

infections caused by fungi

Question 7

Normal Flora

Answer 7

microorganisms that live in the body

Question 8

3 types of fungal infection

Answer 8

Superficial - occur outside the body
Subcutaneous - introduced into subcutaneous tissue during trauma
Systemic - caused by inhalation of dust with fungus in it

Question 9

Antimicrobial resistance

Answer 9

4 mechanisms

• produce enzymes that inactivate the drug
• Create a modified target that is no longer susceptible to the antibiotic
• prevent entry of drub into cell
• actively pump out drug

Question 10

Causes of Antimicrobial Resistance

Answer 10

• subtheraputic dosing

- excessive use of antibiotics

Question 11

Urinalysis

Answer 11

a test that looks at a number of different things:

• ph
• protein in urine
• leukocyte esterse
• nitrate

Question 12

Urine Culture

Answer 12

Confirmatory or diagnostic of UTI and shows what caused it

Question 13

Coagulase Test

Answer 13

• 2 sets are drawn half an hour apart (aerobic and anaerobic)
• usually when one out of two bottles come back positive for coagulase, it is positive for a contaminant