Chapter 14 Flashcards
1
Q
Hemophilia
A
most commonly inherited coagulation disorder resulting in excessive bleeding. Hallmark of hemophilia is hemarthrosis (bleeding in joints)
2
Q
Hemophilia A
A
- caused by factor VIII deficiency
- treatment is cryoprecipitate or factor VIII concentrate
- x linked recessive disorder
3
Q
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
A
- an acquired hemorrhagic syndrome in which clotting and bleeding occur simutaneously
- causes may include trauma, malignancy, burns, shock, and abruptio placentae
- widespread clot formation in small vessels
4
Q
Signs of DIC
A
- fibronogen level and platelet count decreased
- increased bleeding time
- Elevated PT/INR/aPTT
- Elevated D-Dimer/Fibrin split products
5
Q
Treatment of DIC
A
- removal/correction of underlying cause
- support major organs
- Fresh frozen plasma, packed red blood cells, platelets, or cryoprecipitate
- Heparin used to minimize further consumption of clotting factors
6
Q
Coagulation Tests
A
- CBC to identify anemia
- platelet count to identify number of platelets
- Peripheral smear indicates the number and gross morphologic characteristics of platelet function
- bleeding time evaluates vascular status and platelet function
- PT/INR asseses the extrinsic pathway of coagulation (how thin or thick blood is)
- aPTT assesses the intrinsic pathway
- D-dimer reflects fibrinolysis
7
Q
Anticoagulants
A
- drugs that prevent the coagulation of blood
- includes Antithrombin III (ATIII) and Protein
- coumadin
- heparin
- Vitamin K reverses coumadin
- Protamine reversed heparin
