Eye in systemic disease Flashcards
What features are seen in diabetic retinopathy?
Microaneurysms, hard exudate, haemorrhage, cotton wool patches, intraretinal microvascular abnormalities, neovascularization
In neovascularization, what do NVD and NVE mean? If ischaemia is severe, where might vessels also grow?
NVD- on the disc
NVE- in the periphery
May also grow on the iris (rubeosis iridis)
How do diabetic patients generally lose vision? (3)
Retinal oedema affecting the fovea
Vitreous haemorrhage
Scarring/retinal detachment
What are the two broad classifications of DR?
retinopathy and maculopathy
How is diabetic retinopathy managed?
Optimise medical management (glucose and other co-morbities)
Laser photocoagulation
Vitrectomy
Rehab
What are the features of hypertensive retinopathy?
Attenuated blood vessels (copper wiring appearance) cotton wool spots hard exudates retinal haemorrhage optic disk oedema
What are the symptoms of central retinal artery occlusion?
Sudden painless profound vision loss
What is the appearance of the retina in central artery occlusion?
Pale with “cherry red” spot corresponding to fovea
What is uveitis?
Inflammation of the uveal tract comprising the choroid, the ciliary body and iris
Which non-infective conditions are associated with uveitis?
juvenile arthritis
sarcoidosis
ankylosing spondylitis
Crohn’s and ulcerative colitis
What infective conditions are associated with uveitis?
TB, herpes zoster, lyme disease, syphilis, toxoplasmosis, candidiasis
How can giant cell arteritis cause blinding?
Occlusion of the opthalmic artery
What disease is giant cell arteritis associated with?
Polymyalgia rheumatica
Which rheumatological conditions are associated with keratoconjunctivitis sicca?
Rheumatoid arthritis
Lupus
Sjogren’s syndrome
Which inherited connective tissue disease is associated with eye problems?
Marfan Syndrome
