Passmedicine Flashcards
What are the main features of Horner’s?
Ptosis (eyelid drooping)
Miosis (small pupil)
Enopthalmos (sunken eye)
What cause’s Horner’s disease?
Disruption of sympathetic nerves supplying the face
What are the two main types of macular degeneration?
Dry- collections of protein and lipid beneath the outer area of the retina (drusen)
Wet or neovascular- choroidal neovascularization breaks through to the retina and leaks, causing fibrous scarring
What is first-line in patients with asthma for glaucoma?
prostaglandin analogues e.g. latanoprost
What are the classic symptoms of optic neuritis and what is optic neuritis often a presenting symptom of?
Eye pain, red desaturation, visual loss
Multiple sclerosis
What is Hutchinson’s sign?
Involvement of the tip of the nose in herpes zoster opthalmicus- strongly predicts future ocular involvement
What are mydriatic drops a known precipitant of?
Acute angle-closure glaucoma
What feature of the clinical picture in conjunctivitis may indicate a viral aetiology?
Pre-auricular lymph nodes
What is dacrocystitis ?
Inflammation of the lacrimal sac
What is Holmes-Adie syndrome?
Benign condition often seen in women- one of the differentials of a dilated pupil. The syndrome is the association of pupillary symptoms with absent knee/ankle jerk reflexes
What is an Argyll-Robertson pupil and what is it associated with?
Pupil which accommodates but doesn’t respond to light. Often seen in neurosyphilis
What is the most common ocular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis?
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
Acute angle-closure glaumacoma is associated with … whilst open-angle glaucoma is associated with…
Hypermetropia (long-sightedness- have “small” eyes)
Myopia (short-sightedness)
How can scleritis and episcleritis be differentiated?
Scleritis is painful, episcleritis is not painful
Unilateral dilated pupil, sometimes seen in combination with absent ankle/knee reflexes?
Holmes-Adie pupil
