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Opthamology > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

What type of bacteria is H influenza?

A

gram negative cocci-bacilli

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2
Q

What type of bacteria is pseudomonas?

A

gram negative bacilli

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3
Q

What type of bacteria is niesseria?

A

gram negative cocci

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4
Q

What is inflammation of the entire globe of the eye?

A

endophthalmitis

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5
Q

What is inflammation of the cornea?

A

keratitis

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6
Q

What bacteria cause bacterial conjunctivitis in neonates?

A

Staph aureus
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Chlamydia trachomatis

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7
Q

What bacteria cause bacterial conjunctivitis in other ages?

A

Staph aureus
Strep pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae (especially in children)

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8
Q

What is a common contaminant of bottles?

A

Pseudomonas

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9
Q

What is the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Swab
Topical antibiotic usually chloramphenical qds
Drops vs ointment
Avoid chloramphenicol if history of aplastic anaemia or allergy
(Be aware of chloramphenicol allergy if worsening symptoms)

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10
Q

Which organisms cause contact lens infections?

A

Acanthamoeba

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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11
Q

Which viruses may cause conjunctivitis?

A

Adenovirus
Herpes simplex
Herpes zoster

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12
Q

What should you suspect in bilateral conjunctivitis in young adults?

A

Chlamydial conjunctivitis

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13
Q

What is the treatment of bacterial keratitis?

A

Need admission for hourly drops

Daily review

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14
Q

What is bacterial keratitis often linked to?

A

Usually in association with other corneal pathology or contact lens wear

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15
Q

Descibe herpetic keratitis.

A

Very painful, can be recurrent - recurrences eventually result in reduced corneal sensation

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16
Q

What happens if herpetic keratitis is treated with steroids?

A

If treated with steroids can cause a corneal melt and perforation of the cornea

17
Q

What does Adenoviral keratitis usually follow?

A

a UTI

18
Q

Is orbital cellulitis painful?

A

Yes, especially on eye movements

19
Q

What is orbital cellulitis often associated with?

A

paranasal sinusitis

20
Q

Whiich organisms tend to cause orbital cellulitis?

A 
Staphylococci
Streptococci
Coliforms
Haemophilus influenzae
anaerobes
21
Q

How should you treat orbital cellulitis?

A

Broad spectrum AB and monitor closely

Sometimes an abscess will require drainage

22
Q

What are symptoms of Endophthalmitis?

A

Painful +++, with decreasing vision

Very red eye

23
Q

What is the most common bacterial cause of Endophthalmitis?

A

staph epidermidis

24
Q

How should you treat Endophthalmitis?

A

Intravitreal amikacin and vancomycin and topical antibiotics

25
Q

What can cause Chorioretinitis?

A

CMV in AIDS
Toxoplasma gondii
Toxocara canis (worm)

26
Q

What is Toxoplasmosis?

A

Protozoan infection toxoplasmosis gondii
Mild flu like illness
Rarely causes any further problems

27
Q

What is Toxocara canis (worm)?

A

Parasitic nemotode (roundworm)
Affects cats or dogs
Remains an immature form of the worm (larvae)
Form granulomas which can cause irreversible visual loss

28
Q

How should eye infections be diagnosed?

A

Swabs for culture – bacterial, chlamydial, viral
Corneal scrapes in bacterial keratitis
Aqueous/vitreous for culture in endophthalmitis
Microscopy/culture for acanthamoeba
Serology for toxoplasma and toxocara

29
Q

What bacteria does chloramphenicol not treat?

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

30
Q

What does fusidic acid treat?

A

staph aureus

31
Q

How should you treat Chlamydial conjunctivitis?

A

topical oxytetracycline

but adults may also need oral azithromycin treament for genital chlamydia infection

32
Q

How should you treat Herpetic conjunctivitis?

A

antivirals eg aciclovir

33
Q

How should you treat bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

A 4-quinolone (Ofloxacin)
OR
Gentamicin and cefuroxime

Opthamology (22 decks)

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