Systemic Eye Disease Flashcards
What is the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy?
Chronic hyperglycaemia= Glycosylation of protein/basement membrane= loss of pericytes= microaneurysm= leakage + ischaemia
What are signs of non proliferative retinopathy?
microaneurysms / dot + blot haemorrhages hard exudate cotton wool patches abnormalities of venous calibre Intra-retinal microvascular abnormailities
Where may new vessels grow if ischaemia is severe?
iris
What do diabetic patients lose vision from?
retinal oedema affecting the fovea
vitreous haemorrhage
scarring/ tractional retinal detachment
What is the management for diabetic retinopathy?
Laser (PRP, Macular grid)
Surgery – vitrectomy
Rehabilitation (blind/partial sighted)
Can young people have extensive retinopathy?
Yes
List the features of hypetensive retinopathy.
Attenuated blood vessels-copper or silver wiring cotton wool spots hard exudates retinal haemorrhage optic disc oedema
What happens in accelerated hypertension?
very dramatic fundal appearance
can have decreased vision
When might you see the retinal nerve fibre layer becoming swollen except at fovea (cherry red spot)?
central retinal artery occlusion
What is HLA-B27 related to and what does it cause?
ankylosing spondlytis
uveitis
What cause of eye disease may cause jaw claudication?
giant cell artitis
What is the most common cause of both unilateral and bilateral proptosis?
thyroid disease
What is thyroid eye disease characterised by?
swelling of the extraocular muscles and orbital fat
What can SLE cause in eye?
ocular inflammation
What eye disease may rheumatoid arthritis cause?
Dry eyes (Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca)
Scleritis
Corneal melt
