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Nautical Reviewer > Meteorology and Ocenography > Flashcards

Meteorology and Ocenography Flashcards

1
Q

Winds from the four cardinal points of the compass; that is, North, South, East, West winds are known as:

A

Cardinal winds

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2
Q

Winds continuously flowing outward from the sun at very high velocity, composed mainly of hydrogen gas which interacts with the magnetic field of the earth that produces various effects in the upper atmosphere like auroras, etc.

A

Solar wind

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3
Q

When the disk of the sun is hidden at these times by clouds or an obscuring phenomenon at sunrise or sunset.

A

Cloudy

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4
Q

What kind of weather would you expect soon after seeing a hook or comma-shaped cirrus clouds?

A

Rain with the approach of warm front

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5
Q

Water droplets displaced by the wind from a body of water and carried up into the air in such quantities that they reduce the horizontal visibility to less than 6 nautical miles.

A

Blowing spray

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6
Q

Warm air masses will generally have:

A

Stratiform clouds

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7
Q

TYPE 4. Rainfall is more or less evenly distributed throughout the year. This is also intermediate between the first and second climatic types although it resembles the second type more closely because it has a dry season. This includes the following area:

A

Southern Mindanao, Northern Zamboanga, Bohol, Leyte and Eastern Luzon

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8
Q

TYPE 3 has no very pronounced maximum rain period, with short season lasting only from one to three months. These are partly shielded from the Northeast monsoon and are also benefitted by the rainfall caused by tropical cyclones. They include the following:

A

Central Mindanao, Central Visayas, Southern Tagalog and Central Luzon

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9
Q

TYPE 2 has no dry season with very pronouned maximum rain period in winter, generally occuring in December and January although there is NOT a single dry month. Areas characterized by this climate are open to the North East monsoon. They include the provinces of:

A

Cagayan valley, Eastern Mindanao and Eastern Visayas

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10
Q

Type 1 has two pronounced seasons, dry from December to May and wet from June to September. Areas characterized by this climates are generally exposed to the Southwest monsoon. They include the provices of:

A

Western Palawan, Mindoro and Western part of Luzon

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11
Q

Tide near the time of syzygy, when ranges between high water and low water are greatest.

A

Spring tide

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12
Q

This term pertains to actions or occurences that are completed within 24 hours and that recur every 24 hours.

A

Diurnal

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13
Q

This term is used to imply the process of cyclogenesis in which there is a decrease in the central barometric pressure of a low pressure area accompanied by the intensification of its cyclonic circulation.

A

Deepening

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14
Q

This occurs when cool air can hold less water vapor than warm air, and excess water condenses into either liquid or ice.

A

Clouds

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15
Q

This is the leading of edge of a relatively cold air mass that moves so that the warm air is replaced by colder air.

A

Cold Front

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16
Q

This is suspended from buoys which are used to determine the set and drift of currents at a desired depth by tracking the motions that they give to the buoys at the surface.

A

Drogue

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17
Q

This is a snow which is raised from the surface of the Earth by the wind to a height of more than 2 meters above the surface.

A

Blowing snow

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18
Q

This is a snow which is raised from the surface of the Earth by the wind to a height of less than 2 meters above the surface.

A

Drifting snow

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19
Q

This is a partly enclosed body of water where the salinity of ocean water is measurably reduced by freshwater input from land.

A

Estuary

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20
Q

This is a description of the properties of sea surface waves at a given time.

A

Sea state

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21
Q

The wind circulation around this pressure system is counter-clockwise and outward in the Southern Hemisphere. What type of pressure system is this?

A

High Pressure

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22
Q

The wind circulation around this pressure system is counter-clockwise and inward in the Northern Hemisphere. What type of pressure system is this?

A

Low Pressure

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23
Q

The wind circulation around this pressure system is clockwise and outward in the Northern Hemisphere. What type of pressure system is this?

A

High Pressure

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24
Q

The wind circulation around this pressure system is clockwise and inward in the Southern Hemisphere. What type of pressure system is this?

A

Low Pressure

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25
Q

The water portion of the Earth as distinguished from its solid part is called the:

A

Hydrosphere

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26
Q

The total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures each component would have if it alone occupied the volume of mixture at its temperature.

A

Dalton’s Law

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27
Q

The thin layer of transparent gases, predominantly hydrogenand helium above the photosphere and below the corona of the sun.

A

Chromosphere

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28
Q

The tendency of two nearby tropical cyclones to rotate cyclonically about each other as a result of their circulations’ mutual advection is called:

A

Fujiwhara effect

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29
Q

The temperature to which a given air parcel must be cooled at constant pressure and constant water vapor content in order for saturation to occur.

A

Dew point

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30
Q

The relative ability of a substance to absorb water vapor from its surroundings and ultimately dissolve is termed as:

A

hygroscopicity

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31
Q

The region poleward of the Arctic or Antarctic Circles (66-33’N and 66-33’ S respectively)

A

Frigid Zone

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32
Q

The quantiy measured by a thermometer whether it is a dry-bulb or wet-bulb thermometer is called:

A

Temperature

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33
Q

The quantity measured by a barometer whether it is an aneroid or mercury barometer is:

A

Pressure

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34
Q

The process by which various types of clouds are formed involving the cooling by expansion of ascending moist air.

A

Cloud formation

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35
Q

The outermost or topmost portion of the atmosphere is the:

A

Exosphere

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36
Q

The main synoptic times (in UTC) at which meteorological observations are made for the purpose of synoptic analysis are:

A

0000, 0600, 1200, 1800

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37
Q

The lowest level in the atmosphere at which the air contains a perceptible quantity of clouds particles in the given cloud layer.

A

Cloud Base

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38
Q

The interconversion of magnetic and compass headings can be found on a n especially designed nomogram called:

A

Napier Diagram

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39
Q

The interconversion of departure and difference of longitude is a method mostly used in what type of sailing?

A

Parallel sailing

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40
Q

The initial formation of a front or frontal zone is called a/an:

A

Frontogenesis

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41
Q

The fraction of solar radiation reflected directly by clouds in the atmosphere is known as:

A

Cloud Albedo

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42
Q

The force imparted by the earth to a mass that is at rest relative to the earth is called:

A

Gravity

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43
Q

The first light that is visible in the solar sky before sunrise or the time of that appearance which is synonymous with the beginning of morning twilight.

A

Dawn

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44
Q

The envelope of air that does not contain air pollution is called:

A

Clean Air

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45
Q

The dissipation of a front or frontal zone is called a/an:

A

Frontolysis

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46
Q

The description and scientific study of the athmosphere is called:

A

Climatology

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47
Q

The cylindrical vessel of a mercury barometer into which the tube dips.

A

Cistern

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48
Q

The condition in which vapor pressure is equal to the equilibrium vapor pressure over a plane surface of pure liquid water, or sometimes ice.

A

Saturation

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49
Q

The breaking away of a mass of ice from a floating glacier, ice front, or iceberg.

A

Calving

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50
Q

The Bicol region and Southern Luzon includin Mindoro Island is often hit by tropical cyclones at an average of:

A

3 cyclones in 2 years

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51
Q

The area within a circulation of a tropical cyclone where relatively warm air can be found.

A

Warm Sector

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52
Q

The area within a circulation of a tropical cyclone where relatively cold air can be found.

A

Cold Sector

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53
Q

The air that surrounds us, within which we live is the____.

A

Atmosphere

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54
Q

The addition of agents (ex. Silver iodide) that will alter the phase and size distribution of cloud particles, with the intent of influencing precipitation.

A

Cloud seeding

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55
Q

That part of morning or evening twilight between complete darkness and civil twilight is called:

A

Dusk

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56
Q

That parallel of latitude that lies directly beneath the winter solstice solstice is the:

A

Tropic of Capricorn

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57
Q

That parallel of latitude that lies directly beneath the summer solstice is the:

A

Tropic of Cancer

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58
Q

Substances that do not occur naturally in the atmosphere.

A

Air pollutants

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59
Q

Sky with a total cover greater than four oktas.

A

Cloudy Sky

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60
Q

Shreds or small detached masses of clouds moving rapidly before the wind often below a layer of lighter clouds are popularly called:

A

Scud

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61
Q

Sea from the surface of which meltwater has disappeared after the formation of cracks and thaw holes.

A

Dried ice

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62
Q

Samar and Leyte provinces experience the passing of five tropical cyclones every:

A

three years

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63
Q

Rising air currents produced by warm islands are commonly called:

A

Atoll clouds

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64
Q

Rains or thundersqualls of the frontal type experienced mainly fom the coast of brazil?

A

Abrolhos squalls

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65
Q

Pressure chart changes shows:

A

isobaric lines

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66
Q

Popularly, a descriptive of short, rough, irregular wave motion on a sea surface.

A

Choppy seas

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67
Q

Pieces of floating ice that are subjected to a converging motion which increases ice concentration and/or produces stresses that may result in ice deformation.

A

Compaction

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68
Q

Philippine area with the second highest frequency of cyclones passing the province of Isabela, Mt.Province, Ifugao, Abra, Ilocos Sur averages:

A

2 cyclones per year

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69
Q

One thousand millibars is equal to :

A

all of these

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70
Q

Once daily, tidal variations in sea-level which increase with lunar or solar declination North and South of the equator.

A

Diurnal tide

71
Q

On a weather map, lines drawn with equal atmospheric pressure is called:

A

isobars

72
Q

Often resembles a cauliflower, the sunlit parts of these clouds are mostly brilliant white and their bases are relatively dark and nearly horizontal.

A

Cumulus

73
Q

Often resembles a cauliflower with the sunlit part are brilliant white and their base is relatively dark and horizontal.

A

Cumulus

74
Q

Metro Manila and Polillio islands,including Bataan and Central Luzon averages the passing of tropical storms by:

A

5 cyclones in three years

75
Q

Meteorological information issued when actual or expected weather conditions do not constitute a serious hazard but may cause inconvenience or concern

A

Weather advisory

76
Q

Lines on the Earth’s surface with zero magnetic dip is called:

A

aclinic

77
Q

Lines on a weather map having equal amounts of precipitation during a given time is called:

A

isohyet

78
Q

Lines on a magnetic chart connecting points of zero variation.

A

agonic

79
Q

Lines of equal percentage of the total annual precipitation falls in a given season or month is called:

A

isomer

80
Q

It is one climatic type, an annually recurring period of one or more months during which precipitation is at minimum.

A

Dry season

81
Q

It is a nomogram or a graphical device on a weather chart used for the determination of the wind speed along straight isobars or isobaric spacing on a synoptic chart.

A

Geostophic Wind Scale

82
Q

In Meteorology,this is ageneral term for dry substances suspended in the atmosphere including dust, haze, smoke, and sand.

A

lithometeor

83
Q

In Meteorology, this term is applied to an area where weather, wind, pressure, etc., show signs of initial development of a cyclonic circulation.

A

Disturbance

84
Q

In Meteorology, this refers to electrostatic discharges in the atmosphere with a visible and audible sound of lightning and thunder.

A

electrometeor

85
Q

In Meteorology, this instrument is used to meaure quantities of heat particularly to measure solar radiation.

A

Calorimeter

86
Q

In Meteorology, the unit of atmospheric pressure used in synoptic charts is the hectoPascal. One hectoPascal (hPa) is equal to:

A

1 millibar

87
Q

In Meteorology, the Beaufort Wind scale of a wind with a speed from 7 to 10 knots is Force 3. This is known as a:

A

Gentle Breeze

88
Q

In Meteorology, it is usually the “eye of the storm”, that is the roughly circular area of comparatively light winds found at the center of a severe tropical cyclone.

A

Eye

89
Q

In Meteorology, it is the process by which water vapor changes to dew, fog or clouds.This term is known as:

A

Condensation

90
Q

In Meteorology, it is the process by which the change of water is from liquid to gaseous state.

A

Evaporization

91
Q

In Meteorology, it is the point of intersection of a trough and a ridge in the pressure pattern in the weather map.

A

Col

92
Q

In Meteorology, it is a ring of cumulonimbus that encircles the eye of a tropical cyclone.

A

Eyewall

93
Q

In Meteorology, it is a departure from the usual decrease or increase with height of an atmospheric property like temperature.

A

inversion

94
Q

In Meteorology, generally, the interface or transition zone between two air masses of different density.

A

Front

95
Q

In Meteorology, fog associated with frontal zones and frontal passages is called a/an:

A

Frontal Fog

96
Q

In Meteorology, any chart or map on which data and analyses are presented that describe the state of the atmosphere over a large area at a given moment of time is termed as:

A

Synoptic chart

97
Q

In Meteorology, a storm warning of sustained winds of 28 to 47 knots inclusive either predicted or occuring and it is not associated with tropical cyclones.

A

Gale warning

98
Q

In low latitudes, the Highs of the diurnal variation of pressure occur(s) at:

A

1000 and 2200

99
Q

In general, any tornado over a body of water is called:

A

waterspout

100
Q

In an ocean area where waves are generated by a wind having a constant direction and speed, this length or distance is measured in the direction of the wind in which the ocean waves are generated.

A

Fetch

101
Q

If you are located within a stationary high pressure area and your aneroid barometer is falling steadily, it means :

A

a decrease in the intensity of the pressure system

102
Q

If the air is cold relativeto the surface, the lower portion of the air mass will be _____, resulting in an unstable air.

A

heated

103
Q

If an air mass is warm relative to the surface, the lower portion of the air mass is ______, tending to remain close to the surface which is a stble air.

A

cooled

104
Q

Ice on a body of water that remains as an unbroken surface when the water level drops so that a cavity is formed between the water surface and the ice.

A

Shell ice

105
Q

Having the sense of rotation about the local vertical and the same as that of the Earth’s rotation; that is, if viewed from above, counter-clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.

A

Cyclonic

106
Q

Disintegration of an ice cover on coastal waters, on land or river as a result of thermal and mechanical processes is called:

A

Ice breakup

107
Q

Characterized by equal or constant pressure with respect to either space or time.

A

isobaric

108
Q

Basilan, Sulu and Zamboanga in Southern Mindanao normally averages:

A

1 tropical cyclone in 12 years

109
Q

Any winds with components from the West and generally moving in an easterly direction is termed as:

A

Westerlies

110
Q

Any winds with components from the East and generally moving in a westerly direction is termed as:

A

Easterlies

111
Q

Any sea ice that is immobile due to its attachement to a coast, ususally extending offshore at about 20 meters isobath is called a/an:

A

Fast ice

112
Q

Any sea ice that has been drifting from its place of origin is called:

A

Drift ice

113
Q

Any relatively flat piece of ice 20 m or more across. It may be composed of several fragments bonded together.

A

Floe

114
Q

Any product of condensation or deposition of atmospheric water vapor formed in the atmosphere or the earth’s surface is called a/an:

A

Hydrometeor

115
Q

Any development or strengthening of a cyclonic circulation in the atmosphere where previously it did not exist as well as to the intensification of existing cyclonic flow.

A

Cyclogenesis

116
Q

Any deposit or coating of ice on an object caused by the impingement and freezing of liquid hydrometeors.

A

icing

117
Q

Any cyclonic-scale storm that is not a tropical cyclone, usually referring only to the migratory frontal cyclones of middle and high latitudes is called a/an:

A

Extratropical cyclone

118
Q

Anautomatic, active, remote-sensing device for detecting the presence of clouds and meaures the height of their bases.

A

Ceilometer

119
Q

An unusual, frequently severe weather condition characterized by strong winds and dust-filled air over an extensive area.

A

Duststorm

120
Q

An avalanche of dry loose snow is called:

A

Dust avalanche

121
Q

An assessment of the future state of the atmosphere with respect to precipitation, clouds, winds and temperature.

A

Weather forecast

122
Q

An apparent fog in the distance wherein no fog actually exists is called:

A

Fata Bromosa

123
Q

Advice to shipping companies and ship captains of the best routes to be taken between any two ports by a particular ship.

A

Ship Routing

124
Q

A wind speed of 17 to 21 knots is described as:

A

fresh breeze

125
Q

A wave that increases linearly with time for a fixed interval, returns abruptly to the original level, and repeats the process periodically thus producing a shape resembling the teeth of a saw.

A

Sawtooth wave

126
Q

A wave generated during a storm, usually taken to refer to a wave of great height.

A

Storm wave

127
Q

A typhoon with a maximum sustained surface winds of 130 knots or greater.

A

supertyphoon

128
Q

A transparent, colorless, odorless, and tasteless liquid found near the surface of the earth is:

A

water

129
Q

A thermometer scale wherein Absolute zero temperature is placed at -273.16 degrees Celsius

A

Kelvin scale

130
Q

A thermometer scale calibrated in 180 scale divisions wherein the boiling point of water is at 212 degrees and freezing point is at 32 degrees.

A

Fahrenheit scale

131
Q

A thermometer scale calibrated in 100 scale divisions wherein the boiling point of water is at 100 degrees and freezing point is at 0 degrees.

A

Centigrade scale

132
Q

A strong, dusty, or sandy northwesterly wind that blows seaward along the south coast of Arabia.

A

Belat

133
Q

A storm characterized by a fall of freezing liquid precipitation.

A

ice storm

134
Q

A statement of the actual values of meteorological elements observed at a specified place and time.

A

Weather report

135
Q

A sky with considerable cirrocumulus clouds is popularly called a/an:

A

mackerel sky

136
Q

A severe thunderstorm with vivid lightning and violent squalls coming from land off the West coast of Nicaragua and Costa Rica in Central America.

A

Chubasco

137
Q

A sea surface wave that has become too steep to be stable and that breaks on the shore or in the open ocean.

A

Breaker

138
Q

A region of reverse flow immediately downwind of an obstacle or mountain where the surface wind is opposite to the prevailing wind direction upstream of the obstacle.

A

Cavity

139
Q

A rare type of fog formed in the same manner as a steam fog, but a colder temperatures so that it is composed of ice particles instead of water droplets.

A

Frost smoke

140
Q

A rapidly rotating column of air over a dry and dusty and shady area carrying leaves and other light materials picked up from the ground.

A

Dust Whirl

141
Q

A process in which a substance that can exist in two or more phases is converted from one phase to another as in evaporation, condensation, freezing, melting, and sublimation of water.

A

Change of Phase

142
Q

A point in the sea where there is zero tidal amplitude due to cancelling of waves.

A

Amphidrome

143
Q

A period of abnormally dry weather sufficiently lone enough to cause a serious hydrological imbalance.

A

Drought

144
Q

A period of abnormally and uncomfortably hot and usually humid weather which may last from several days to several weeks.

A

Heat wave

145
Q

A pattern of variable brightness on the underside of a cloud layer as a consequence of the variable reflectivity of the surface immediately underneath like ice, snow, land or water.

A

sky map

146
Q

A patch of white water formed at the crest of a wave as it breaks, due to air being mixed into the water.

A

White caps

147
Q

A northwesterly gale of the West Indies.

A

Chocolatta North

148
Q

A nautical term for the equatorial trough, with special reference to the light and variable nature of the winds.

A

Doldrums

149
Q

A monthly broadcast of the mean values of the meteorological elements during the preceding months for stations belonging to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO)

A

Climat Broadcast

150
Q

A moderate to gale-force southeasterly wind in the Persian Gulf accompanied by gloomy weather, rain and squalls.

A

Sharki

151
Q

A mass of air that is devoid or free of clouds or fog is called:

A

Clear air

152
Q

A low pressure that may be completely encircled by an isobar is a:

A

Closed Low

153
Q

A long, well-defined wisps of cirrus clouds, thicker at one end than the other.

A

mare’s tails

154
Q

A line on a weather chart connecting points of the same barometric tendencies.

A

isallobars

155
Q

A line on a given surface chart connecting points with equal wind speed.

A

isotach

156
Q

A line on a chart connecting all points of equal salinity or constant salinity.

A

isohaline

157
Q

A line joining geographical points of equal insolation during a specific interval of time.

A

isohel

158
Q

A line drawn through all points on the Earth’s surface having the same magnetic inclination is called:

A

isoclinic

159
Q

A line drawn through all points on a isomagnetic chart having the same amount of magnetic variation.

A

isogonic

160
Q

A line drawn through all points on a chart having the same amount of cloudiness is called:

A

isoneph

161
Q

A line drawn on a weather chart having equal or constant temperature.

A

isotherm

162
Q

A large, faintly colored, circular arc formed by light (usually sunlight) falling on cloud or fog.

A

all of these

163
Q

A large wave that rolls over or breaks on a beach or a reef is called:

A

comber

164
Q

A high pressure that may be completely encircled by an isobar is a:

A

Closed High

165
Q

A heavy cloud bank that appears on the horizon with the approach of an intense tropical cyclone.

A

Cloud Bar

166
Q

A front presumed to exist within the equatorial trough separating the air of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

A

Intertropical front

167
Q

A front at which the warm air is ascending up the frontal surface up to high altitudes.

A

Anafront

168
Q

A front at which the warm air descends the frontal surface is a:

A

Katafront

169
Q

A front across which the characterisitics of temperature change and shift of winds are weak.

A

Diffuse front

170
Q

A forecast of weather conditions for a period extending beyond three or more days from the day of issuance.

A

Extended Forecast

171
Q

A diagram on a pilot chart consisting of a circle from which 8 or 16 lines emenate, one for each compass point wherein the length of each line is proportional to the frequency of wind from that direction,and the percentage of calms is entered at its cente

A

Wind Rose

172
Q

A countercurrent running north along the west coast of the United States from Northern California to Washington to at least 48 deg. Latitude during the winter months.

A

Davidson current

173
Q

A bar is a unit of pressure equivalent to:

A

1000 millibars

Nautical Reviewer (10 decks)

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