Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Behavioral Neuroscience 370 > Homework Review Test 2 > Flashcards

Homework Review Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What evidence suggests that testosterone plays a role in female sexual behavior?

A
  • Sexual behavior in women decreases at menopause when testosterone levels decline
  • Testosterone levels peak at mid-cycle when women are more likely to initiate sexual activity
  • Testosterone treatment given to women with their ovaries removed increases sexual arousal and behavior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which increases in the nucleus accumbens during sexual activity?

A

dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The amygdala is involved in

A
  • sexual behavior in both males and females
  • aggression
  • emotions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which type of drug does not interfere with sexual activity?

A

dopamine agonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which area plays a role in integrating sensory and hormonal info, as well as coordinating physiological responses involved in sexual behavior?

A

sexually dimorphic nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is true about the role of the autonomic nervous system in sexual behavior in males?

A

Stimulation of D1 receptors activates the parasympathetic nervous system, which increases motivation and erection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

a degenerative memory and movement disease
L-DOPA therapy
-increase in sexual activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is true about pheromones and human behavior?

A

Pheromones operate in fear-provoking situations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The bonding process in prairie voles involves

A
  • activation of the AVPR1A gene
  • release of oxytocin
  • the presence of vasopressin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Oxytocin is involved in

A
  • bonding
  • muscle contractions involved in lactation and orgasm
  • social recognition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When humans are classified as male or female based on their biological characteristics

A

sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Set of behaviors considered appropriate for males but not for females and vice versa in a given society is

A

gender role

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which parent gives the defective gene for colorblindness?

A

mom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In the absence of the SRY gene, the undifferentiated gonads

A

develop into ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Androgens are produced by the

A
  • testes
  • adrenal glands
  • ovaries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Activating effects

A

occur anytime in the individual’s lifetime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Organizing effect

A
  • maturation of the genitals
  • changes in stature
  • development of the clitoris
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Gender differences in cognitive performance

A
  • Great deal of overlap b/t males and females in these characteristics
  • Differences that exist are task specific
  • Males are better than females on tasks requiring mental rotation of 3D objects, but less so on other spatial tasks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The conclusion that homicide rates vary dramatically from one culture to another points to a

A

Environmental influence on aggression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Male-female differences

A
  • Males are more genetically resistant to pain than females
  • Men are less affected by stress than women
  • Males are more susceptible to ADHD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A woman who feels more like a man than a woman has a ___ that does not match her sex.

A

gender identity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Characteristics of AIS

androgen insensitivity syndrome

A
  • breast growth at puberty
  • Female external genitalia
  • Male gonads
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The concept of motivation is used to explain

A

behavioral control other than by external stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Critics of drive theory state that

A

many behaviors are not related to satisfying needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Methods used to decrease body temperature in hot weather

A

sweating, decrease metabolism, dilation of blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Warmth-sensitive and cold-sensitive cells that help mammals regulate their body temp are found in the ___ of the hypothalamus.

A

preoptic area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Hypovolemic thirst occurs when

A

there has been excessive blood loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Receptors in the ___ detect the presence of water and trigger the feeling of satiety for water.

A

stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Papillae

A

bumps on the tongue that contain taste buds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

If you had the inability t taste your food, which brain area might be having a problem?

A

insular area of the frontal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

6 yr old Dana ate a hot dog and then got sick. Now she hates hot dogs due to…

A

learned taste aversion

32
Q

Eating is initiated by the…

A

paraventricular nucleus

33
Q

During the absorptive phase of digestion

A

insulin is secreted, which enables body cells to absorb glucose and store excess nutrients

34
Q

During the fasting phase of digestion

A

the pancreas secretes glucagon

35
Q

While Jack knew he was hungry, his ___ was “deciding” what he was hungry for by monitoring his body’s nutrient condition.

A

arcuate nucleaus

36
Q

Linzie was wondering if a gene mutation in the rat that increased neuropeptide Y would produce an animal with a genetic basis for

A

obesity

37
Q

Individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome may have some defect in their ___ system.

A

ghrelin

38
Q

What happened to the rat with lesion damage to the ventromedial hypothalamus?

A

It ate uncontrollably and therefore got very obese.

39
Q

When you feel full after a meal, you stop eating because…

A
  • Stretch receptors in the stomach send a message to the nucleus of the solitary tract.
  • Nutrients in the stomach and intestines reduce subsequent eating.
  • The stomach and intestines release peptides to inform the brain about consumed nutrients.
40
Q

CCK helps give Phil that “full feeling” via its effects, conveyed by the ___ to Phil’s ___ and ultimately to his ___.

A

vagus nerve
NST
hypothalamus

41
Q

The amount of leptin in the blood is proportional to…

A

fat levels

42
Q

If you need to eat more food to maintain your body temp, as a result, which will also go up?

A

your basal metabolism

43
Q

According to a 2011 survey, the number of obese individuals has ___ since 1980 worldwide.

A

doubled

44
Q

Compulsive eating and drug abuse are both associated with ___ in___ receptors.

A

deficits

D2

45
Q

What is a drug?

A

a chemical that alters the body or its functioning

46
Q

What is the defining feature of addiction?

A

being preoccupied with a drug, compulsive use and increased tolerance

47
Q

Opiates have analgesic effects, which means they can ___.

A

reduce pain

48
Q

A key reason for heroin being so addictive is that it…

A

easily and rapidly enters the brain

49
Q

What could cause someone to overdose even if it is the same amount that they had been using previously?

A

administering the drug in a novel environment

50
Q

What are potential adverse effects of alcohol consumption?

A

coma, death, cirrhosis of the liver, aggression

51
Q

What kind of people are most likely to be impulsive and have memory disorders?

A

binge drinkers

52
Q

Alcohol does what?

A

inhibits the release of glutamate

53
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome is the leading cause of ___ in the Western world.

A

intellectual impairment

54
Q

Barbiturates do what?

A

open the chloride channels in the GABA complex

55
Q

Benzos replaced barbiturates because…

A

they are less likely to produce an accidental overdose

56
Q

What is a benzo effect?

A

the anxiolytic effects involve suppressing the limbic system

57
Q

Dopamine does what?

A

increases in the synapse when cocaine blocks its reuptake

58
Q

What do amphetamines do?

A

increase concentration

59
Q

Nicotine does what?

A

stimulates the ACh receptor

60
Q

Phencyclidine was developed as an anesthetic, but abandoned for clinical use in humans because it…

A

produces schizophrenic symptoms

61
Q

Why are researchers particularly concerned about the effects of heavy marijuana smoking on the user, based on recent studies?

A

daily use reduces the volume of the hippocampus and amygdala

62
Q

The major drug reward system is located in the _______.

A

mesolimbocortical dopamine system

63
Q

Withdrawal symptoms are due to _______.

A

mechanisms separate from the mechanisms of addiction.

64
Q

PET imaging reveals that chronic drug users are more likely to become addicts due to…

A

a reduced number of dopamine receptors

65
Q

Long-term alcohol abuse can result in ____, which consists of memory loss and coordination problems.

A

Korsakoff’s syndrome

66
Q

What are the 2 systems involved in decision making?

A

Thrill-seeking and impulsivity

67
Q

What area of the brain is thought to be responsible for cognitive control?

A

Prefrontal cortex

68
Q

Which decision making system develops first?

A

Ventral Striatum

69
Q

Immediate payoffs in yearly dividends vs. higher return rate but requires the money to be invested longer
Which is the main decision making factor?

A

Delay of expected gain

70
Q

Which is not a main factor impacting decision making?

A

Vasopressin levels

71
Q

What comes with age?

A

Increases in cognitive control

72
Q

Which area of the brain is thought to mediate the various factors impacting decisions?

A

Anterior cingulate cortex

73
Q

Peer acceptance is thought to be a factor that impacts adolescent decision but plays less of a role in adults. What is the reason for this difference?

A

A greater development of the cognitive-control network in adults

74
Q

Insula is involved in assessing risk. Insula activity ____ when making a risky decision.

A

increases

75
Q

In which types of situations do emotions play a great role in decision making?

A

When rewards or punishments are uncertain.

76
Q

Adolescence are thought to be at an increased vulnerability for risky behavior due to…

A

High reward-seeking and immature self-regulatory capacity

Behavioral Neuroscience 370 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions