3.4.5 - species and taxonomy Flashcards

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1
Q

Define species

A

capable of breeding to produce fertile offspring

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2
Q

What is the role of courtship behaviour?

A

allows animals to recognise members of their own species so they can identify a mate capable of successful breeding - more likely to pass on alleles

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3
Q

How can courtship behaviour be used to classify species?

A

behaviours are species specific - more closely related = more similar courtship behaviours

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4
Q

Define phylogenetic classification

A

arranges species into groups (taxon) based on…
1. evolutionary history
2. hierarchy - no overlap between groups
3. grouping is based on common features (anatomy, fossil records, DNA)

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5
Q

What does a phylogenetic tree show?

A

shows shared common ancestors - shows how closely related organisms are

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6
Q

Define artificial classification

A

divides organisms based on differences useful at the time - colour, size, shape
- analagous characteristics (same function but not the same evolutionary origins)

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7
Q

List the taxanomic ranks

A

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

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8
Q

What is the binomial naming system?

A

universal naming system
- genus and species

must be written in italics or underlined

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9
Q

What are the issues with defining a clear species?

A
  • there is variation within species (eg dog breeds)
  • some species rarely reproduce sexually - so don’t know if they can produce fertile offspring
  • populations of organisms can become isolated and be classified as different species
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