3.4.5 Species and Taxonomy Flashcards
(23 cards)
Why is the current classification system best?
Fits better with phylogeny
Key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Key differences between bacteria and archea
What are the 8 taxonomic groups?
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
What is a species?
A group of similar organism that can successfully breed together to produce fertile offspring. This is the only definite way to provide 2 similar animals are not for the same species.
How are species named?
Binomial Naming System
Rules of the binomial naming system
Genus first, species second
Capitalised genus name
Lower case species name
Italicised when type or underlined when written
Why is the binomial naming system important?
A species many have different common names globally but the binomial gives a scientific and universal name.
Shows close evolutionary relationships.
What is a hierarchy?
A series of large groups split into smaller groups but there is zero overlap.
What do classification groupings show?
More closely related organisms are grouped together each time.
As you move down, organisms become more closely related.
As you move down, more groups but less organisms in each.
Descendes until it just shows one species - a group containing one organisms.
What is animal courtship behaviour?
Carried out by an organisms to attract a mate of the correct species.
Five types of courtship behaviour
Releasing a chemical
Using sound
Colour/visual displays
Dancing
Building nests/shelters
Why is courtship behaviour important for classifying species?
It is species specific so only the same members will be able to perform and respond to the behaviour.
Allows members of the same species to recognise one another and prevent interbreeding.
Trend between courtship behaviour and species similarity
The more closely related the species, the more similar the courtship behaviour.
What is classification?
Identifying, naming and sorting of organisms in a process called taxonomy.
What are the 6 kingdoms?
Eubacteria
Archae
Protista
Plantae
Fungi
Animalia
What are the 3 domains?
Bacteria, Archae, Eukarya
What is phylogeny?
Grouping of organisms based on their evolutionary relationships using common ancestry.
What is a node at a phylogenetic tree?
A common ancestor
Advantages of phylogenetic classification over hierarchical?
Phylogenetic classification connects groups based on evolutionary relationships rather than characterises.
Phylogeny allows for a continuum rather than discrete groups.
Phylogeny gives a better description of the variety present within groups
What are the three methods for classifying organisms based on evolutionary relationships?
Comparing the base sequence of DNA or mRNA
Compare the amino acid sequence
Immunological comparison
What is phylogenetics?
Study of evolutionary history of groups of organisms to determine how closely related they are
How does comparing the sequence of DNA or mRNA help classifying organisms?
The higher the percentage of similarity in the order of their base sequence, the more closely related they are
How does comparing the amino acid sequence help classifying organisms?
Base sequence of DNA will affect mRNA which will affect the amino acid sequence. Look at different, specific proteins.
How does comparing immunlogical response help in classification?
Similiar proteins should bind to similiar antibodies
