Diaphragm, kidneys and stuff

Question 1

What three major structures (and their vertebral levels) pass through the diaphragm?

Answer 1

1. Inferior vena cava T8
2. Esophogus T10
3. Aorta T12

Question 2

What clinical condition is associated with unilateral phrenic nerve damage?

Answer 2

hemidiaphragm paralysis

Question 3

What are the four arteries associated with the diaphragm?

Answer 3

1. pericardiacophrenic aa.
2. superior phrenic aa.
3. inferior phrenic aa.
4. musculophrenic aa.

Question 4

What vertebral levels are associated with the kidneys?

Answer 4

T12-L3

Question 5

True/False

The superior pole of the left kidney is located at the 12th rib.

Answer 5

FALSE

11th rib

Question 6

True/ False

The superior pole of the right kidney is located at the 12th rib.

Answer 6

TRUE

Question 7

Renal aa. enter the kidneys at the ________.

Answer 7

hilum

Question 8

Which renal artery (R or L) is longer?

Answer 8

right

Question 9

Which renal vein (R or L) is longer?

Answer 9

left

Question 10

Which renal vein passes anterior to aorta?

Answer 10

left

Question 11

Which renal artery passes posterior to IVC?

Answer 11

right

Question 12

What is the order of kidney/ urine drainage?

Answer 12

1. renal papillae
2. minor calyx
3. major calyx
4. renal pelvis
5. ureter
6. urinary bladder
7. urethra

Question 13

What muscle do the ureters cross to enter the bladder?

Answer 13

psoas major m.

Question 14

What is the relationship between the gonadal vessels and the ureters?

Answer 14

ureters run obliquely posterior to gonadal vessels

Question 15

What are the four aa. associated with the ureters?

Answer 15

1. renal aa.
2. gonadal aa.
3. abdominal aorta
4. internal iliac aa.

Question 16

What area of cutaneous innervation is associated with the reffered pain due to kidney stones?

Answer 16

T11-T12

Question 17

Which adrenal gland is triangular shaped and lies posterior to IVC?

Answer 17

right

Question 18

The adrenal cortex produces __________.

Answer 18

adrenal steroids

Question 19

The adrenal medulla acts as ___________.

Answer 19

sympathetic ganglion

Question 20

What are the three sources of blood to the adrenal glands?

Answer 20

1. superior suprarenal aa. (branch off inferior phrenic a.)
2. middle suprarenal aa. (branch off aorta)
3. inferior suprarenal aa. (branch off renal a.)

Question 21

At what vertebral level does the aorta bifurcate?

Answer 21

L4

Question 22

What arteries supply the posterior abdominal wall?

Answer 22

4 pairs of lumbar aa.

Question 23

Which nerve pierces psoas major m.?

Answer 23

genitofemoral n. (L1-L2)

Question 24

What are the spinal cord levels of the genitofemoral n?

Answer 24

L1-L2

Question 25

What does iliohypogastric (L1) innervate?

Answer 25

sensory to suprapubic region

Question 26

What does subcostal n. (T12) innervate?

Answer 26

sensory to anterior/ lateral abdominal wall

motor to abdominal mm

Question 27

What does ilioinguinal n. (L1) innervate?

Answer 27

sensory to inguinal canal

Question 28

What does genitofemoral n. (L1-2) innervate?

Answer 28

sensory to skin inferior and medial to inguinal ligament

motor to cremaster m. (of spermatatic cord)

Question 29

What does lateral femoral cutaneous n. (L2-3) innervate?

Answer 29

sensory to skin of ant/lat thigh

Question 30

Lateral femoral cutaneous n. (L2-3) passes ______ to inguinal ring.

Answer 30

deep

Question 31

What does obturator n. (L2-4) innervate?

Answer 31

sensory and motor to medial thigh

Question 32

What does femoral n. (L2-4) innervate?

Answer 32

sensory and motor to anterior thigh

“FAT”