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USU 1350 > Final Review-Test 2 > Flashcards

Final Review-Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

______ are the major lipids of plasma membranes.

A

phospholipids

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2
Q

The structural combination of DNA and protein forms ______.

A

chromatin

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3
Q

What name is given to the organelle that manufactures the components of ribosomes?

A

nucleolus

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4
Q

Where does protein synthesis take place?

A

on ribosomes

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5
Q

A hormone that will be secreted from the cell is manufactured by ribosomes _____.

A

attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

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6
Q

Lysosomes are responsible for ______.

A

digestion of organic matter inside the cell

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7
Q

Vacuoles are ______.

A

membraneous sacs

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8
Q

A protist that contains contractile vacuoles most likely lives ______.

A

in fresh water

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9
Q

In plant cells, ______ may contain organic nutrients, pigments, and poisons

A

central vacuoles

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10
Q

Plant cells, unlike animal cells, are characterized by the presence of a ______

A

cell wall and central vacuole

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11
Q

Usually, enzymes are ______.

A

proteins

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12
Q

The sum total of all the chemical reactions that occur in organisms is called ______.

A

metabolism

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13
Q

Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by ______.

A

decreasing activation energy

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14
Q

An enzyme’s function is dependent on its ______

A

3d shape

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15
Q

The region of an enzyme to which a substrate binds is called the ______ site.

A

active

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16
Q

Diffusion is an example of ______.

A

passive transport

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17
Q

Diffusion ______

A

proceeds until equilibrium is reached

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18
Q

Facilitated diffusion across a biological membrane requires ______ and moves a substance ______ its concentration gradient.

A

transport proteins . . . down

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19
Q

A cell that neither gains nor loses water when it is immersed in a solution is ______.

A

isotonic to its enviroment

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20
Q

Some protozoans have special organelles called contractile vacuoles that continually eliminate excess water from the cell. The presence of these organelles tells you that the environment ______.

A

is hypotonic to the protozoan

21
Q

If placed in tap water, an animal cell will undergo lysis (burst), whereas a plant cell will not. What accounts for this difference?

A

the relative inelasticity and strength of the plant cell wall

22
Q

In a hypotonic solution, a plant cell will ______

A

become turgid

23
Q

Which of the following processes could result in the net movement of a substance into a cell, if the substance is more concentrated in the cell than in the surroundings?

A

active transport

24
Q

The act of a white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is ______.

A

phagocytosis

25
Q

he energy stored in food ultimately comes from ______.

A

the sun

26
Q

Respiration describes the exchange of gases between your blood and the outside air. Cellular respiration ______.

A

produces ATP

27
Q

what is produced during cellular respiration?

A

carbon dioxide, water, ATP

28
Q

During redox reactions, ______.

A

electrons are lost from one substance and added to another substance

29
Q

During cellular respiration, electrons move through a series of electron acceptor molecules. Which of the following is a true statement about this process?

A

Oxygen is the final electron acceptor and is eventually reduced by the electrons to form water.

30
Q

The first electron acceptor of cellular respiration is ______.

A

NAD+

31
Q

The final electron acceptor of aerobic respiration is ______.

A

oxygen

32
Q

Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?

A

cytoplasm

33
Q

Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages in cellular respiration?

A

glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport

34
Q

A product of glycolysis is ______.

A

pyruvic acid

35
Q

What must pyruvic acid be converted to before it can enter the citric acid cycle?

A

acetyl CoA

36
Q

Electron transport takes place in the ______.

A

mitocondria

37
Q

Aerobic cellular respiration generates about ______ ATP from one glucose.

A

38

38
Q

Anaerobic respiration produces a net gain of ______ ATP per glucose.

A

2

39
Q

Which of the following metabolic pathways is common to both aerobic and anaerobic processes of sugar breakdown?

A

glycolysis

40
Q

A child is born with a rare disease in which mitochondria are missing from certain skeletal muscle cells. Physicians find that the muscle cells function. Not surprisingly, they also find that ______.

A

the muscles contain large amounts of lactic acid following even mild physical exercise

41
Q

Photosynthesis contributes to plant growth by _____.

A

taking carbon dioxide and making sugars (carbs)

42
Q

What name is given to the membranous sacs found within a chloroplast?

A

thylakoids

43
Q

In photosynthesis, ____ is oxidized and the high energy electrons are carried to the Calvin Cycle by _____. (Molecular formulas were not abled to be subscripted in the answers; H2O= Water; O2= Oxygen; CO2= Carbon dioxide; C6H1206=Glucose)

A

H2o…. NADPH

44
Q

The Calvin cycle requires ______ and ______ from the light-dependent reactions in order to operate.

A

ATP…. NADPH

45
Q

The light reactions of photosynthesis take place where

A

in the thylakoid membrane

46
Q

The Calvin cycle makes direct use of ______ to make ______.

A

CO2, ATP, and NADPH . . . sugar

47
Q

C4 plants conserve water by ______.

A

keeping their stomata closed when the weather is hot and dry

48
Q

CAM plants conserve water by ______.

A

opening their stomata only at night

49
Q

How many times must the Calvin cycle turn for the plant cell to be able to produce one molecule of glucose?

A

6

USU 1350 (12 decks)

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