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Anatomy > the back > Flashcards

the back Flashcards

1
Q

1

A

2

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2
Q

what are the superficial landmarks of the back?

A

the occipital protuberance, C7 vertebral spinous process, inferior angle of scapula, highest point of iliac crest, L4 vertebral spinous process

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3
Q

describe the fascial layers of the back

A

thoraculumbar fascia

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4
Q

What do extrinsic muscles do? How are they all innervated?

A

move the arms, assist in respiration, are innervated by ventral rami of spinal nerves

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5
Q

Where do the intrinsic muscles act on?

A

they act on the vertebral column.

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6
Q

what muscles are part of the superficial layer of the back?

What kind of muscles are they?

A

Superficial general group muscles are extrinsic muscles. These muscles include: trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapula and rhomboids major & minor – upper limb muscles.

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7
Q

What are the intermediate layer of muscles of the back? what kind are muscles are theses?

A

Intermediate general group muscles (extrinsic) - serratus posterior superior and inferior - respiratory muscles.

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8
Q

what does the back include?

A

skin and fascial layers, muscles (extrinsic and intrinsic), vertebral column, ribs, spinal cord and meninges, various segmental nerves and vessels

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9
Q

What does the trapezius do? What nerve innervates it?

A

superior region: supports the weight of the arm

intermediate region: retracts the scapulae

inferior region: medially rotates and depresses the scapulae

Nerve supply: spinal component of the spinal accessory nerve, CN XI, seen on the anterior aspect of the trapezius m.

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10
Q

what nerve innervates the trapezius?

A

spinal accessory nerve C3,C4

CN 11

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11
Q

what nerve innervates the latissimus dorsi?

A

thoracodorsal nerve C6-C8

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12
Q

what does the latissimus dorsi do?

A

extension, adduction and internal rotation of the arm

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13
Q

where does the latissimus dorsi get its blood supply?

A

thoracodorsal artery

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14
Q

where does the trapezius get its blood supply?

A

superficial branch of transverse cervical artery

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15
Q

where does the latissimus dorsi attach to?

A

from spinous process and thoracodorsial fascia to intertubercular groove of humerus

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16
Q

where does the trapezius attach to?

A

superior nuchal line and ligament, spinous process to the spine of scapula

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17
Q

What nerve innervates the levator scapulae?

A

dorsal scapular nerve

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18
Q

What is the blood supply for the levator scapulae?

A

dorsal scapular artery

19
Q

where does the levator scapula attach to?

A

transverse processes of C1-C4 to superior portion of medial border of scapula

20
Q

what does the levator scapula do?

A

elevates medial border of scapula

21
Q

What nerve innervates the rhomboid major and minor?

A

dorsal scapular nerve

22
Q

what is the rhomboid major and minor blood supply?

A

dorsal scapular artery

23
Q

What does the rhomboid major and minor attach?

A

it attaches the scapula to the spine

24
Q

where does the rhomboid major and minor attach?

A

medial border of the scapula to vertebral spinous processes from T1-T5

25
Q

What does the rhomboid major and minor do?

A

retracts and elevates the medial border of the scapula

26
Q

What does the serratus posterior superior do?

A

elevates the ribs, aiding in inhalation

27
Q

what does the serratus posterior inferior?

A

depresses the lower ribs aiding in expiration

28
Q

Where does the serratus posterior superior attach to?

A

from upper ribs 2-5 to C7-T3 vertebral spinous process

29
Q

What nerve innervates the serratus posterior superior?

A

local intercostal nerves C8-T2

30
Q

What is the serratus posterior superior blood supply?

A

local intercostal arteries C8-T2

31
Q

What is the serratus posterior inferior blood supply?

A

local intercostal arteries T12-L2

32
Q

What is the nerve that innervates the serratus posterior inferior?

A

local intercostal nerves T12-L2

33
Q

Where does the serratus posterior inferior attach to?

A

from inferior borders of ribs 9-12 to vertebral spinous processes T11-L2

34
Q

Is the serratus posterior inferior and superior proprioreceptive?

A

yes; it has motor and sensory nerves that detect the position and movement of the muscle.

35
Q

What are the muscles that constitute the Erector Spinae?

A

Iliocostalis (lateral column), longissimus (intermediate column), spinalis (medial column)

36
Q

What space do the deep back (transversospinal muscles) layer of muscles occupy?

A

they occupy the gutter between the transverse and spinous processes

37
Q

what muscles compose the deep layer of the back?

A

semispinalis, multidifus cervicis, rotators

38
Q

How many parts compose the semispinalis?

A

3 parts: capitis, cervicis, thoracis

39
Q

where are the rotators thickest at?

A

the thoracic region, and help to rotate the spine a little bit.

40
Q

What do the extrinsic back muscles of the superficial layer do?

A

these move the upper limb muscles.

41
Q

What does the transversospinal move?

A

it moves the spine

42
Q

Extrinsic vs Intrinsic classification

A

Extrinsic back muscles (innervated by ventral rami of
spinal nerves – like most other voluntary muscles):
1. Superficial: trapezius, latissimus dorsi - move upper limb muscles.
2. Intermediate: levator scapula and rhomboids - move upper limb muscles.
3. Deep: serratus posterior superior and inferior - respiratory muscles.

Intrinsic back muscles (innervated by dorsal rami of
spinal nerves):
1. Superficial: splenius – move head and neck
2. Intermediate: erector spinae – move spine
3. Deep: transversospinal – move spine

43
Q
A
44
Q

What is the blood supply to trapezius?

A

Blood supply: superficial branch of the transverse cervical a.

Anatomy (3 decks)

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