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Dermatology > Bacterial Skin Disease > Flashcards

Bacterial Skin Disease Flashcards

0
Q

What is bumble foot? Which spp get this?

A
  • S. aureus
  • Birds and small furries
  • usually associated with obesity/management problems
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1
Q

Is pyoderma ever primary?

A

No always 2*, opportunistic bacteria

- always ID and Tx underlying cause

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2
Q

What may predispose to 2* pyoderma?

A
  • break in physcial skin barrier (trauma)
  • loss of immunity
  • ectoparasites, alleriges, cornification defects, neoplasia, alopecia
  • endocrinopathy, metabolic/nutritional problems
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3
Q

What is exudative epidermitis in pigs known as? Pathogen?

A
  • staph hyacus

- Greasy pig disease

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4
Q

Which bacteria are most commonly involved with pyoderma?

A 
> Staph (G+) 
 - s. pseudintermedius
- may be other staphs too eg. hyicus in pigs 
> Strep (G+)
> G- (esp deep pyoderma) 
- coliforms
- pseudomonas
- proteus
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5
Q

History signs of pyoderma?

A
  • recurrent pyoderma

- previous response to Abx therapy

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6
Q

Clinical signs seen with pyoderma?

A
  • papules
  • pustules
  • epidermal collarettes
  • draining sinuses
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7
Q

Cytology findings of pyoderma?

A
  • tape strip, impression smear stained

- need intracellular bacteria and inflammatory cells (presence of bacteria is not diagnositc)

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8
Q

Is C+S used to diagnose pyoderma?

A
  • NO!!!
  • used to ID organisms but not diagnose pyoderma
  • search for underlying/triggering causes
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9
Q

Tx surface pyoderma?

A
  • long term therapy
  • surgical correction? skin folds
  • ABx topical shampoo/cream
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10
Q

What are the 3 forms of pyoderma?

A
  1. Surface
    - Microbial proliferation
    - eg. Intertrigo (folds), mucocutaneous pyoderma
    - eg. pyotraumatic dermatitis [painful!]
    - bacterial overgrowth
    - pruritis
    > Superficial
    - Impetigo (puppies)
    - Folliculitis/supf. pyoderma
    - very common
    - pruritis
    > Deep
    - furunculosis
    - acne (chin)
    - bacterial granuloma
    - painful
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11
Q

Ddx mucocutaneous pyoderma?

A

Lupus

- if responds to Abx then is pyoderma, if not is immune mediated

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12
Q

What is pyotraumatic dermatitis? What type of opyoderma is this?

A
  • acute
  • Painful
  • but SURFACE pyoderma
  • hot spot or acute moist dermatitis
  • serlf trauma or bacterial invasion
    -> disruption of stratum corneum
  • often large breeds eg. retriever
    > underlying pruritic problem (FAD, anal sac irritation, otitis)
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13
Q

Tx pyotraumatic dermatitis hotspots?

A
  • topical Abx
  • anti-inflam depending on severity (topical/systemic GCs)
  • treat underlying causes
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14
Q

What pathology is seen in similar dogs and appears similarly to pyotraumatic hot spots but is differnet? Tx?

A
  • Pyotraumatic FOLLICULITIS and FURUNCULOSIS
  • satellite lesions suggest haematogenous spread = dermis
  • => deep pyoderma
  • GC CONTRAINDICATED
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15
Q

What is inpetigo?

A
  • pustules in interfollicular epidermis
  • young dogs affected
  • ventral abdomen common
  • often responds to topical therapy alone
16
Q

What pathogen is involved in 90% canine superficial pyoderma? Which level of dermis is afected?

A

Staph pseudintermedius
- mostly endogenous strains
> superficial portion of the hair follicle typically on ventral abdomen and trunk

17
Q

What may affect clinical presentation of superficial pyoderma?

A

coat length

- short coat breeds may appear moth eaten (Ddx ringworm)

18
Q

What lesions are seen with superficial pyoderma?

A

In this order…
- macule
- papule
- pustule (neutrophils invade) transient, rupture, usually only a few present (if lots of pustules think PEMPHIGUS)
- epidermal collarette (central hyperpigmentation)
- alopecia and pruritis
> combination of all these

19
Q

Tx of DEEP pyoderma?

A
  • serious, painful, lengthy
  • 6-10 weeks
  • discuss with owner at begninning
20
Q

Which underlying causes of deep pyoderma are there?

A
  • Demodecosis very common and easy to find, ALWAYS CHECK

- immune imbalances (breed specific)

21
Q

Which pathogens are associated with deep pyoderma?

A
  • Staph (60%)
  • G- and anaerobes
    > Bacterial culture ALWAYS INDICATED cf. superficial pyoderma where empirical tx for s. pseudoiontermedius is ok
22
Q

Diagnosis of deep pyoderma based on..

A
  • bacterial culture
  • skin biopsy (NOT in formalin)
  • cytology, skin scrapes, bloods, imaging for underlying cause
23
Q

Lesions associated with deep pyoderma?

A
  • heamorrhagic crusts
  • draining tracts
  • alopecia with no self-trauma
24
Q

What presentation of deep pyoderma is seen on the face?

A

Acne under the chin

  • dogs and cats
  • chronic and young animals
25
Q

Causes of deep pyoderma acne?

A
  • Cats: demodecosis, dermatophytosis, FeLV, FIV, ALLERGIES

- Dogs: short haired breeds, underlying cuases

26
Q

Tx of acne

A

Shampoos, topical creeams and systemic

27
Q

What form of deep pyoderma is seen on the limbs?

A

Acral lick dermatitis

  • large breed dogs
  • chronic
  • bacterial growth from >95% cases
  • underlying joint disease, allergy, behavioural (boredom?)
28
Q

Tx acral lick deep pyoderma?

A
  • longterm ABx

- prevent trauma

29
Q

Duration of treatment for superficial and deep pyoderma?

A

> superficial
- >3weeks or 1 week beyond complete clinical cure
deep
- >4-6 weeks or 2 weeks beyond complete clinical cure
until underlying trigger has been addressed
beware compliance

30
Q

Why are biofilms a problem?

A
  • bacteria producing them are resistant to ABx (even if appear susceptable to drugs in lab)
  • no lab tests to detect biofilm
    > G+ (staph and strep, enterococcus, actinomyces, corynebactera, bacillus)
    > G- (serratia marcesens, pseudomonas aeruginosa especially, legionella, moraxella, E.coli/salmonella)
    > multidrug resistnat strains too
32
Q

Which species is C+S more often indicated?

A

Cats

- predators so multiple sources of drug ingestion and ^ likelihood of resistance

33
Q

How may disease causing bacteria be distinguished from commensals on a smear?

A
  • intracellular bacteria associated with inflammatory cells rather than free floating (planktonic)
34
Q

Which pathogen can all strains form a biofilm?

A

pseudomonas

Dermatology (25 decks)

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