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CDS 3500 Unit 2 > neuronal connections > Flashcards

neuronal connections Flashcards

1
Q

make more connections=

A

cortical thickening

  • via typical development, enriched and stimulating environment
  • via stimulus-specfic, deliberate, repetitive practice
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2
Q

make fewer connections =

A
  • cortical thinning

- prune away unneeded or redundant or inefficient connections = selective thinning

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3
Q

arborization of dendrites

A
  • increase receptive connectivity of each neuron

- which in turn supports development of rich neural networks and efficient connections

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4
Q

divergent pools

A

one presynaptic cell engages several postsynaptic cells

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5
Q

convergent pools

A

many presynaptic cells engage one post synaptic cell

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6
Q

what do neural networks do?

A
  • engage in simultaneous firing of a group of linked neurons
  • wired up to perform a specific task of cognitive or motor or sensory activity
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7
Q

white matter in the CNS

A

-axons of billions of neurons, which move away from the cell body
-trasmit neural impulses to the dendrites of other neurons which then “wire up” to form connections
which are insulated with a fatty/lipid substance called myelin

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8
Q

nerves in the white matter

A

TRACTS

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9
Q

where is white matter in the CNS

A
  • cerebrum
  • subcortex
  • cerebellum
  • brainstem
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10
Q

white matter in the cerebrum

A

connecting grey matter/ cortical structures; connecting BG and limbic system to all places they need to go

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11
Q

white matter in the sub cortex

A

running through thalamic nuclei, on way to and/or from the cortex to the brain stem or cerebellum

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12
Q

white matter in the cerebellum

A

moving to/from thalamus, limbic, cortex

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13
Q

white matter in the brainstem

A

movong to/from cranial nerves, or to/from spinal cord, to connect with spinal nerves

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14
Q

DTI imaging of white matter in the CNS

A
  • can isolate the direction that the fibers are moving
  • can determine what structures are coming from and moving to
  • can determine what networks are operating in certain testing circumstances
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15
Q

projection fibers

A
  • travel in a vertical manner; carry motor and sensory
  • project “far away” in the CNS
  • axons are relatively long
  • many are heading down/up from either spinal or cranial nerves
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16
Q

association fibers

A
  • bidirectional channels of communication bw areas of one hemisphere
  • “shorter” one exist within one lobe
  • “longer” ones move between lobes
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17
Q

commissural fibers

A

-travel in horizontal manner, connecting 2 hemispheres

18
Q

corona radiati

A
  • PROJECTION FIBERS

- one in each hemisphere

19
Q

corona radiati anterior limb

A
  • corticothlamic tracts
  • thalamocortical tracts
  • corticopontine tracts
20
Q

corticothalamic tracts

A
  • anterior limb of the corona radiati
  • from cortex to thalamus
  • generally excitatory
  • forms circuit with thalamocortical tracts
21
Q

thalamocortical tracts

A
  • anterior limb of the corona radiati
  • from thalamus to cortex
  • mostly sensory processing and pre motor
  • generally inhibitory motor movement
22
Q

corticopontine tracts

A
  • anterior limb of the corona radiati
  • from motor cortex to pons
  • eventually to cranial nerves
23
Q

genu

A
  • part of the corona radiati
  • corticibular tracts
  • from motor cortex to brainstem, in general, for cranial nerve output
24
Q

posterior limb of the corona radiati

A
  • corticospinal tracts
  • innverate spinal neurons for motor output
  • sensroy projections fibers, from spinal input
  • from skin, joints to primary sensory cortex
25
Q

internal capsule

A

the convergence of fibers within the corona radiati

26
Q

stroke below the decussation

A

ipsilateral weakness/paralysis

27
Q

stroke before the decussation

A

contalateral weakness/paralysis

28
Q

3 types of association fibers

A
  • superior longitudinal fasciculus
  • arcuate fasiciculus
  • unicinate fasciculus
29
Q

superior longitudinal fasciculus

A
  • connects frontal lobe with occipital lobe
  • longer of the association fibers
  • originates in the occipital and carries upward through the parietal lobe and all the way to the frontal lobe
30
Q

arcuate fasciculus

A
  • many of the SLF take a sharp curve and head down through the temporal lobe
  • part of the SLF
  • picks up info at Wernickes area
  • damage to this=aphasia
31
Q

unicinate fasciculus

A
  • inferior aspect, from anterior temporal horn to inferior aspect of prefrontal cortex
  • takes the low road through the temporal lobe up the frontal lobe
32
Q

cingulus

A
  • ASSOCIATION FIBER
  • C-shaped and connects limbic system with the temporal lobe
  • right below cingulate gyrus
  • just above the corpus callous
33
Q

corpus callosum

A
  • commissural fiber

- connects R and L hemispheres

34
Q

R hemisphere

A

spatial, musical, temporal

-biological movement of people and objects

35
Q

L hemisphere

A

language, analytic, verbal

36
Q

subcallosal area

A

-limbic structures, thalamus, hypothalamus, BG

37
Q

anterior commissures

A

-anterior to the corpus callous
-connects 2 olfactory bulbs
amygalae
temporal poles

38
Q

posterior commissures

A
  • posterior to the corpus callosum
  • connects the 2 thalmai
  • not everyone has this
39
Q

connectomics

A

-the process of using high-resolution imaging to create a map of the brain’s neural networks

40
Q

principles of neural transmission

A
  • convergence – multiple neurons (axons) converge to fire ONE individual neuron
  • divergence – one neuron (axon) has an impact on multiple other receiving neurons

CDS 3500 Unit 2 (7 decks)

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