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Brain and Behavior 2 > Brainstem I > Flashcards

Brainstem I Flashcards

1
Q

muscles that open the eye

A

levator palpebrae, muller’s muscle

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2
Q

sympathetic nervous system muscle that dilates the pupil

A

Muller’s muscle

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3
Q

symptoms of horner’s syndrome

A

unilateral anhydrosis, ptosis, constricted pupils

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4
Q

artery that supplies the midbrain

A

posterior cerebral artery (end of the basilar)

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5
Q

what is hemiparesis?

A

weakness on the entire one side of the body

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6
Q

what is hemiplegia?

A

completely paralyzed on one side of the body (severe form of hemiparesis)

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7
Q

function of the peduncles

A

holds up the telencephalon

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8
Q

these peduncles are part of the midbrain

A

cerebral peduncles

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9
Q

artery that supplies the peduncles

A

posterior cerebral artery

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10
Q

another name for midbrain, pons, medulla

A

mesencephalon, metencephalon, myelencephalon

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11
Q

where does the brainstem begin?

A

foramen magnum

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12
Q

where is the brainstem in relation to the tentorium?

A

mostly infratentorial

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13
Q

the rostral medulla is “open” to the..

A

bottom of the 4th ventricle

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14
Q

the rostral and caudal pons form the…

A

tegmentum

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15
Q

how to tell difference between MRI and CT

A

CT is an Xray, so it shows bone; MRi does not

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16
Q

where does decussation of pyramidal fibers occur?

A

rostral medulla (open)

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17
Q

pons is open to the

A

cerebral aqueduct

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18
Q

“wine glass” figure on midbrain classical section represents

A

inferior colliculus (caudal midbrain)

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19
Q

“kissing seals” figure on midbrain classical section represents

A

superior colliculi

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20
Q

“owl” figure on midbrain classical section represents

A

decussation of ventral spinocerebellar tract

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21
Q

describe the path/position of the corticospinal tract through the brainstem

A

outside of cerebral peduncle, pierces the pons (broken up), back on the outside of the medulla as a pyramid, decussation of corticospinal tract in caudal medulla

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22
Q

function and principle structures of the medial longitudinal fasciculus

A

eyes move with body when it tips over; oculomotor nucleus, trochlear nuclus, abducens nucleus, vestibular nuclei

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23
Q

cranial nerves and where they originate

A 
CN I - telencephalon
CN II - diencephalon
CN II, CN IV - midbrain
CN V-VIII - pons
CN IX-XII - medulla
CN XI - also spinal cord
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24
Q

type of neurons that do general sensory and special sensory

A

general sensory: pseudounipolar neurons

special sensory: bipolar neurons

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25
Q

what are the 2 names for a neuron that innervates skeletal muscle?

A

alpha motor neuron/LMN, motor nuclei in the brainstem

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26
Q

type of neuron that functions as motor

A

multipolar neuron

27
Q

smooth muscle motor neurons of cranial nerves supply..

A

PREganglionic parasympathetics

28
Q

skeletal muscle motor neurons of cranial nerves supply

A

somites, branchial arches

29
Q

where do the sympathetics to the head originate?

A

superior cervical ganglion, which follow the internal carotid into the brain

30
Q

special “visceral” afferents from the brainstem supply..

A

senses of taste, smell

31
Q

special somatic afferents from the brainstem supply..

A

eye, ear (seeing, hearing)

32
Q

sensory nuclei: 1st order neurons or 2nd order?

A

2nd order

33
Q

motor nuclei of cranial nerves are made of..

A

alpha motor neurons OR preganglionic parasympathetics

34
Q

sensory ganglia of cranial nerves are one of these 2 types of neurons

A

pseudounipolar or bipolar neurons

35
Q

motor ganglia of cranial nerves are this type of neuron

A

multipolar parasympathetic

36
Q

in the brainstem, sensory nuclei are ____, while motor nuclei are more ____

A

lateral; medial

37
Q

sulcus limitans: what is rostral to it? what is caudal to it?

A

alar plate is caudal; basal plate is rostral

38
Q

the basal plate becomes part of the..

A

ventral horn/somatic efferents/MOTOR NUCLEI

39
Q

the alar plate becomes part of the..

A

dorsal horn/somatic afferents/sensory

40
Q

in the brainstem, the alar plate is ____ to the sulcus limitans; the basal plate is _____ to the sulcus limitans.

A

alar plate is lateral; basal plate is medial

41
Q

hypoglossal trigone: derived from which plate?

A

basal plate: motor nuclei that supplies skeletal muscles of tongue

42
Q

what neurons make up somatic sensory?

A

pseudounipolar neurons

43
Q

what neurons make up visceral sensory?

A

pseudounipolar neurons

44
Q

what neurons have up visceral motor?

A

preganglionic parasympathetic neurons

45
Q

what neurons make up somatic motor?

A

alpha motor neurons

46
Q

branchial arch skeletal muscle alpha motor neurons (SVE) migrate..

A

down and away from the ventricle

47
Q

sensory: general somatic cranial nerves

A

5, 7, 9, 10 (skin and mucous membranes)

48
Q

special sensory cranial nerves

A

2, 8 (eye and ear)

49
Q

general visceral sensory cranial nerves

A

9, 10 (internal organs)

50
Q

special visceral sensory cranial nerves

A

7, 9, 10, 1 (taste, olfactory)

51
Q

general somatic motor cranial nerves

A

12, 3, 4, 6 (tongue, eye muscles)

52
Q

general visceral motor cranial nerves

A

3, 7, 9, 10 (parasympathetics)

53
Q

special visceral motor cranial nerves

A

5, 7 ambiguous nucleus (branchial muscles)

54
Q

somatic skeletal muscles of head and neck is only..

A

eye and tongue

55
Q

branchial arch muscle of mastication supplied by..

A

CN V

56
Q

branchial arch muscle of facial expression supplied by..

A

CN VII

57
Q

pharynx and larynx branchial arch muscle supplied by..

A

IX, X, XI

58
Q

nucleus ambiguous contains which cranial nerves

A

IX, X, XI

59
Q

branchial arch skeletal muscle: somatic or visceral?

A

special visceral

60
Q

branchial (pharyngeal arches): 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th innervations

A

V, VII, IX, X respectively

61
Q

hypoglossal nucleus (somatic motor) goes to which muscles? what type of neurons?

A

intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue; alpha motor neurons (purely motor)

62
Q

nucleus for taste, general sensation of viscera

A

solitary nucleus

63
Q

spinal trigeminal nucleus carries which cranial nerve(s)?

A

7, 9, 10 (general somatic sensory) use trigeminal system nucleus to get to the outer ear, etc

64
Q

for the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) the dorsal nucleus of the vagus becomes the..

A

inferior salvatory nucleus

Brain and Behavior 2 (25 decks)

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