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Brain and Behavior 2 > Telencephalon- clinical cerebral cortex > Flashcards

Telencephalon- clinical cerebral cortex Flashcards

1
Q

agranular layer is in which gyrys?

A

post central gyrus

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2
Q

which gyrus is the granular layer?

A

precentral

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3
Q

which cortical projection does interhemispheric connections?

A

commissural

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4
Q

what does the anterior commissure connect? what does the corpus callosum connect?

A

ant commissure connects middle and inferior temporal gyri

CC connects about everything else

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5
Q

which cortical projection connects intracortical areas?

A

association- uncinate, arcuate, superior longitudinal, inf longitudinal, cingulum

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6
Q

which cortical projection descends to subcortical regions?

A

projection

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7
Q

a lesion in the commissural pathways would manifest in a deficit in the…

A

homologous region in the opposite hemisphere

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8
Q

infarct vs penumbra

A

penumbra is potential site for spread of infarction, but not yet irreversibly damaged

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9
Q

deficits associated with left hemisphere damage

A

right sided sensory and motor deficit, aphasia, alexia, gerstmann’s syndrome, tactile agnosia, apraxia (movement deficit), verbal memory impairment, executive reasoning

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10
Q

deficits associated with right hemisphere damage

A

elft sided sensory and motor deficits, arousal, orientation, awareness deficits, neglect of left space, constructional and dressing apraxia, aprosodia

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11
Q

each hemisphere’s spatial awareness capabilities

A

LH- only right spatial awareness

RH- left and right spatial awareness (so loss of RH could still have right spatial awareness)

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12
Q

what is alexia without agraphia? what location would the lesions be in? what artery could be blocked?

A

unable to read written info, even if they write it themselves. damage to visual cortex in the left hemisphere and the splenium of the corpus callosum

-left posterior cerebral artery supplies these

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13
Q

the somatosensory areas of the brain. what are the primary sensations that are processed here?

A

areas 3, 1, 2; touch, proprioception; stimulation produces tingling, numbness

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14
Q

damage to the somatosensory areas causes..

A

contralateral hyperesthesia

astereognosis

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15
Q

the somatosensory association cortices

A

superior parietal areas 5 and 7 (input from 3, 1, 2 and visual area 7)

supramarginal gyrus area 40 (sensory, auditory, and visual input)

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16
Q

damage to superior parietal association results in

A

contralateral loss of tactile discrimination (astereognosis) and inability to recognize forms and body position

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17
Q

damage to supramarginal gyrus results in

A

apraxia, aphasia, spatial neglect

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18
Q

inability to see more than 1 object at a time (usually bilateral damage)

A

simultanagnosia

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19
Q

deficit in reaching under visual guidance that cannot be explained by motor, sensory, visual field defects

A

optic ataxia

20
Q

decreased awareness for the side of the body or objects in space located contralateral to brain injury// what location is commonly damaged and causes this?

A

hemispatial neglect

right parietal lobe

21
Q

what location of lesion is visual agnosia more commonly associated with?

A

inferior temporal lobe and adjacent visual cortex

22
Q

*components of Balint’s syndrome

A

psychic paralysis of gaze with haphazard scanning

optic ataxia

simultanagnosia

23
Q

what causes Balint’s syndrome?

A

bilateral lesions in parieto-occipital cortex due to stroke, trauma, or degenerative disease

24
Q

presentation of hemispatial neglect

A

eyes and head deviate ipsilaterally

eat food on left side of plate, fail to dress left side of body, fail to acknowledge people on the left

25
Q

tests for diagnosing hemispatial neglect

A

line bisection, line cancellation

26
Q

right posterior parietal cortex lesion results in unilateral visual neglect of what side?

A

left side (neglect is frequently the result of damage to the right hemisphere!)

27
Q

functions of the inferior areas of the left hemisphere parietal lobe

A

language, skilled movement, simple math

28
Q

fucntions of the right side inferior parietal lobe

A

spatial and non-spatial cognition, attention, memory

29
Q

superior areas of parietal lobe on both sides mediates..

A

reaching, grasping, tactile exploration, oculomotor function, visually guided action and intentions to perform movemnts

30
Q

primary and secondary visual areas

A

primary- 17

secondary-18, 19

31
Q

destruction of area 17 results in…. destruction of areas 18 and 19 results in…..

A

17-visual field defects

18,19- hallucinations, agnosia, alexia

32
Q

describe Anton’s syndrome/ what typically causes it

A

form of cortical blindness in which px denies visual impairment

confabulation is common

caused by bilateral damage to occipital lobe extending from primary visual cortex to association cortex

33
Q

gyrus for visual association; where do inputs come from?; what does damage result in?

A

angular gyrus area 39

receives heteromodal input

optic radiation damage results in contralateral hemianopia

34
Q

left hemisphere destruction of angular gyrus (visual association) is associated with this syndrome

A

Gerstmann’s syndrome

35
Q

right hemisphere destruction of angular gyrus (visual association) is associated with this deficit

A

hemi-neglect

36
Q

4 symptoms of gerstmann’s syndrome

A

agnosia (cant ID things), left-right confusion, agraphia, acalculia

may or may not have visual field defects

37
Q

a deficit in visual object recognition

A

visual agnosia

38
Q

rare inability to copy, recognize, or discriminate shapes

A

apperceptive visual agnosia

39
Q

more common- has shape perception and can draw objects but can’t associate the visual object with its meaning; can’t name objects or show recognition b y pointing

A

associate visual agnosia

40
Q

location of lesion that usually causes associative visual agnosia

A

inferior temporal lobes

41
Q

which plays bigger role in spatial processing and spatially directed movements: occipital cortex or superior partietal lobes?

A

superior parietal lobes

42
Q

what and where pathways: which is dorsal and goes to posterior parietal lobe? which is ventral and goes to inferior temporal lobe?

A

where goes to posterior parietal

what goes to inferior temporal

43
Q

difference between magno and parvocellular pathways/location?

A

magno cells have large bodies- operates quickly

parvo cells have small bodies- operate slowly with more details

LGN

44
Q

auditory areas/what gyrus? input?

A

41, 42; heschl’s gyrus; input from MGN; destruction results in partial deafness

45
Q

association cortex area? location? destruction of LH vs RH?

A

association cortex is area 22 in posterior superior temporal gyrus

LH damage results in Wernicke’s aphasia

RH damage results in sensory dysprosodia

46
Q

motor areas and their locations

A

primary- area 4 (precentral gyrus) - hemiparesis

premotor- area 6; precentral gyrus - apraxia, dystonia

47
Q

prefrontal cortex damage results in

A

impaired social behavior, decreased initiation, suck and grasp responses, incontinence, abulia, mutism

Brain and Behavior 2 (25 decks)

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