3.5: Flowers

Question 1

Flower symmetry

Answer 1

• an assessment of the presence/number of mirror-image planes
• can be an important adaptation relative to pollination system

Question 2

radial symmetry
3 or more planes of symmetry

Answer 2

actinomorphic

Question 3

bilateral symmetry; monosymmetric/irregular
only one plane of symmetry

Answer 3

zygomorphic

Question 4

lacks any plane of symmetry
twisting of parts

Answer 4

asymmetric

Question 5

where does it increase in cell divisions during floral development?
has determinate growth

Answer 5

floral apical meristem

Question 6

stamens can be attacked to the following…

Answer 6

receptacle, corolla, staminal disk

Question 7

stamen types

Answer 7

filamentous, laminar, staminode

Question 8

stamen type- flattened structure with two thecae on the adaxial surface

Answer 8

laminar stamens

Question 9

stamen type- filament + anther

Answer 9

filamentous stamens

Question 10

stamen type- non fertile stamen

Answer 10

staminode

Question 11

stamen arrangement- w stamens arranged in a spiral

Answer 11

spiral

Question 12

stamen arrangement- w stamens in one or more discrete whorls or series

Answer 12

whorled

Question 13

w stamens in two unequal pairs

Answer 13

didynamous

Question 14

w stamens in two groups of four long and two short

Answer 14

tetradynamous

Question 15

w stamens in two equal pairs

Answer 15

didymous

Question 16

stamen verticil- single whorl of stamens

Answer 16

uniseriate

Question 17

stamen verticil- two whorls of stamens

Answer 17

biseriate

Question 18

stamen attachment- filament present

Answer 18

filamentous

Question 19

stament attachment- filament absent

Answer 19

sessile

Question 20

stamen attachment- filament very short and rudimentary

Answer 20

subsessile

Question 21

stamen insertion- w stamens protruding beyond the perianth

Answer 21

exserted

Question 22

stamen insertion- w stamens included w/in the perianth

Answer 22

inserted

Question 23

unfused to one another

Answer 23

distinct

Question 24

fused to one another

Answer 24

connate

Question 25

unfused to a different structure

Answer 25

free

Question 26

fused to a different structure

Answer 26

adnate

Question 27

totality of the female reproductive parts

Answer 27

gynoecium

Question 28

unit of gynoecium; a modified, typically conduplicate megasporophyll enclosing one or more ovules

Answer 28

carpel

Question 29

collection of carpels fused (or not) together; composed of ovary, style, stigma

Answer 29

pistil

Question 30

ovary part: where ovules are produced

Answer 30

placenta

Question 31

ovary part: precursor of seed

Answer 31

ovules

Question 32

ovary part: attaches the ovule to the ovary wall

Answer 32

funiculus

Question 33

ovary part: encloses the nucellus (always two integuments)

Answer 33

integuments

Question 34

ovary part: opening in integument

Answer 34

micropyle

Question 35

ovary part: megasporangium

Answer 35

nucellus

Question 36

contains the ovules

Answer 36

ovary

Question 37

stalk-like, non-ovule-bearing portion of the pistil (between the stigma and ovary)

Answer 37

style

Question 38

pollen-receptive portion of the pistil

Answer 38

stigma

Question 39

flower w one carpel

Answer 39

monocarpous

Question 40

flower w fused carpel

Answer 40

syncarpous

Question 41

flower w separated carpel

Answer 41

apocarpous

Question 42

a cuplike/tubular enlargemet of the receptacle, loosely surrounding the gynoecium or united w it

Answer 42

hypanthium

Question 43

refers to the positioning of the ovules and takes into account the number and position of placentae, septa, and locules

Answer 43

placentation

Question 44

style position is one arising at the overy apex

Answer 44

terminal/apical

Question 45

style arises to one side, near and slightly below the ovary apex

Answer 45

subapical

Question 46

style position is one arising at the side of an ovary

Answer 46

laterals

Question 47

style arises from the base of the ovary

Answer 47

gynobasic

Question 48

stigma disk shaped

Answer 48

discoid

Question 49

stigma spherical shaped

Answer 49

globose

Question 50

stigma/stigmatic tissue long and narrow in shape

Answer 50

linear

Question 51

stigmas w feathery, trichome-like extensions, often foudn in wind-pollinated taxa

Answer 51

plumose

Question 52

outermost, non-reproductive group of modified leaves of a flower; collective term for calyx & corolla for protection, pollination

Answer 52

perianth

Question 53

sepals almost identical in structure and function with petals

Answer 53

tepals

Question 54

gives petals soft texture and a velvety appearance

Answer 54

papilla

Question 55

perianth verticil- two distinct whorls, outer/lower and inner/upper

Answer 55

biseriate

Question 56

perianth verticil- w perianth parts in a single whorl

Answer 56

uniseriate

Question 57

perianth cycly- perianth composed of a distinct outer calyx and inner corolla; mostly eudicots

Answer 57

dichlamydeous

Question 58

perianth cycly- perianth composed of similar parts, each part a tepal; mostly monocots

Answer 58

homochlamydeous

Question 59

having the same number of members in different whorls

Answer 59

isomerous

Question 60

having a different number in different whorls

Answer 60

anisomerous

Question 61

number of parts per whorl of the perianth

Answer 61

perianth merosity

Question 62

unfused petals and sepals

Answer 62

apopetalous, aposepalous

Question 63

fused petals and sepals

Answer 63

sympetalous, symsepalous

Question 64

the position, arrangement, and overlapping of floral perianth parts

Answer 64

perianth aestivation

Question 65

specialized nectar-producing structures of the flower

Answer 65

nectaries

Question 66

solution of sugars and various other compounds and functions as an attractant to promote animal pollination

Answer 66

nectar

Question 67

inflorescence position: entire inflorescence is positioned in the axil of the nearest vegetative leaf

Answer 67

axillary

Question 68

inflorescence position: inflorescence develops as part of a terminal shoot that gave rise to the nearest vegetative leaves

Answer 68

terminal

Question 69

inflorescence grows directly from a woody trunk

Answer 69

cauliflorous

Question 70

with pedicel

Answer 70

pedicellate

Question 71

lacking pedicel

Answer 71

sessile

Question 72

stamen developing first

Answer 72

protandry

Question 73

carpels developing before stamen

Answer 73

protogyny

Question 74

perianth remains closed at maturity auto-fertilization

Answer 74

cleistogamy

Question 75

perianth opens at maturity pollen may be dispersed normal situation

Answer 75

chasmogamy

Question 76

maturation of male organs

Answer 76

anthesis

Question 77

all floral male (pollen producing) reproductive organs (stamen)

Answer 77

androecium

Question 78

stamen position- opposite to sepals

Answer 78

antisepalous

Question 79

stamen position- between petals

Answer 79

alternipetalous

Question 80

stamen position- opposite to petals

Answer 80

antipetalous

Question 81

stamen position- between sepals

Answer 81

alternisepalous