3.5 Population size and ecosystems

Question 1

What does population mean?

Answer 1

a group of individuals of the same species living in the same geographical area

Question 2

What are the characteristics of a fugitive species?

Answer 2

poor at competition
Rely on captivity for reproduction
invade new environments rapidly
live in extreme environments

Question 3

What are the characteristics of an equilibrium species?

Answer 3

Control population within a stable habitat
grow in a sigmoid curve pattern

Question 4

What are the stage of the sigmoid curve?

Answer 4

Lag, Log, Stationary, Death

Question 5

What does biotic mean?

Answer 5

Biological factors

Question 6

What does abiotic factors mean?

Answer 6

Non biological fctors

Question 7

What are some examples of biotic factors?

Answer 7

Predication, Parasites and disease, Cross species competition

Question 8

What are some examples of abiotic factors?

Answer 8

Light
temperature
humidity
soil composition
oxygen availability

Question 9

What does density dependent mean?

Answer 9

Targets one species

Question 10

What does density independent mean?

Answer 10

Affects all organisms regardless of species

Question 11

What does environmental resistance mean?

Answer 11

Factors that slow population growth

Question 12

What does carrying capacity mean?

Answer 12

The max number around which a population fluctuates in a given environment

Question 13

What does biogeography mean?

Answer 13

the study of an abundance of species

Question 14

What does abundance mean?

Answer 14

the number of individuals in a species in a given area or volume

Question 15

What are the steps in the mark and recapture method? (4)

Answer 15

1. capture a group of a species in a given area
2. mark the organisms ethically
3. release them
4. capture a second group after a given time

Question 16

What conditions are required for the capture recapture method?

Answer 16

Sufficient time between capture
habitat undisturbed
marking must be uninhibition

Question 17

What does ecosystem mean?

Answer 17

A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment

Question 18

What does community mean?

Answer 18

An interacting group of various species in a common location

Question 19

What is a pyramid of numbers?

Answer 19

A graph of the number of organisms at each trophic level

Question 20

What is a pyramid of biomass

Answer 20

The biomass at each trophic level

Question 21

What does productivity mean?

Answer 21

The rate of biomass production

Question 22

How is energy lost through trophic levels?

Answer 22

Respiration
Egestion through faeces
Locked in undigested material (bones, fur ect.)

Question 23

What is the formula for the photosynthetic efficiency?

Answer 23

E= Quantity of light incorporated / quantity of light available X 100

Question 24

What is primary productivity?

Answer 24

The rate at which a consumer converts energy to biomass

Question 25

What is secondary productivity?

Answer 25

The rate at which consumers accumulate energy from assimilated food in biomass in their cells and tissues

Question 26

What is GPP?

Answer 26

Gross primary productivity the energy not used in respiration

Question 27

What are the limits of the pyramid of biomass?

Answer 27

No account for age hard to measure dry mass No energy flow indicated Not all biomass transfers across trophic levels

Question 28

What is a Sere?

Answer 28

The sequence of communities that from in primary or secondary succession after a habitat is created

Question 29

What is a disclimax?

Answer 29

Stable community replacing a climax community

Question 30

What do plants compete for?

Answer 30

Light, space, nutrients, soil, water

Question 31

What do animals compete for?

Answer 31

Food, territory, water, mates

Question 32

What are intraspecific conditions?

Answer 32

density dependent and between the same species

Question 33

What are interspecific conditions?

Answer 33

Different species all integrations between biotic and abiotic conditions

Question 34

What is a Niche?

Answer 34

The role of a species within an ecosystem, specific to each species

Question 35

What is commensalism?

Answer 35

Where 1 organism benefits and the other is not harmed

Question 36

Symbiosis definition?

Answer 36

Long term interactions of 2 species

Question 37

facilitation defintion

Answer 37

interactions that benefit at least 1 species

Question 38

How is carbon fixed into organisms?

Answer 38

During photosynthesis

Question 39

How is carbon released into the atmosphere?

Answer 39

Respiration Combustion

Question 40

How is carbon transferred?

Answer 40

decomposition assimilation sedementation

Question 41

What 3 factors are impacting the carbon cycles balance?

Answer 41

deforestation large scale combustion of fossil fuels decomposition

Question 42

How is nitrogen fixed from the atmosphere?

Answer 42

Nitrogen fixing bacteria (Like Rhizobium) convert N2 gas to ammonia in plants

Question 43

How is nitrogen transferred into the soil?

Answer 43

Saprobotic bacteria decomposes plants releasing ammonium ions

Question 44

What occurs in nitrification?

Answer 44

Nitrosomas convert ammonia to nitriles Nitrobacter convert nitriles to nitrates

Question 45

How is nitrogen released back into the atmosphere?

Answer 45

Under anaerobic conditions denitrifying bacteria converts nitrate to nitrogen gas