3.5: Virtual relationships in social media Flashcards
Discuss what psychological research has told us about virtual relationships in social media (16 marks)
The reduced cues theory is that according to Sproull and Kiesler (1986), computer-mediated communication relationships are less effective than face to face ones, because they lack many of the cues we normally depend on in face to face interactions, for example tone of voice and facial expressions
Discuss what psychological research has told us about virtual relationships in social media (16 marks).
The reduced cues theory is that according to Sproull and Kiesler (1986), computer-mediated communication relationships are less effective than face to face ones, because they lack many of the cues we normally depend on in face to face interactions, for example tone of voice and facial expressions.
Virtual relationships are therefore
Virtual relationships are therefore more likely to involve blunt and even aggressive communication, which ultimately leads to a reluctance to self-disclose, to the negative effects of deindividuation and disinhibition
Discuss what psychological research has told us about virtual relationships in social media (16 marks).
The reduced cues theory is that according to Sproull and Kiesler (1986), computer-mediated communication relationships are less effective than face to face ones, because they lack many of the cues we normally depend on in face to face interactions, for example tone of voice and facial expressions.
Virtual relationships are therefore more likely to involve blunt and even aggressive communication, which ultimately leads to a reluctance to self-disclose, to the negative effects of deindividuation and disinhibition.
Despite this,
Despite this, the hyperpersonal model (Walther) argues that online relationships can be more personal and involve greater self-disclosure than face to face ones
Discuss what psychological research has told us about virtual relationships in social media (16 marks).
The reduced cues theory is that according to Sproull and Kiesler (1986), computer-mediated communication relationships are less effective than face to face ones, because they lack many of the cues we normally depend on in face to face interactions, for example tone of voice and facial expressions.
Virtual relationships are therefore more likely to involve blunt and even aggressive communication, which ultimately leads to a reluctance to self-disclose, to the negative effects of deindividuation and disinhibition.
Despite this, the hyperpersonal model (Walther) argues that online relationships can be more personal and involve greater self-disclosure than face to face ones.
Why is this?
This is because of the effects of anonymity, which include feelings of closeness and intimacy and less emphasis on physical characteristics
Discuss what psychological research has told us about virtual relationships in social media (16 marks).
The reduced cues theory is that according to Sproull and Kiesler (1986), computer-mediated communication relationships are less effective than face to face ones, because they lack many of the cues we normally depend on in face to face interactions, for example tone of voice and facial expressions.
Virtual relationships are therefore more likely to involve blunt and even aggressive communication, which ultimately leads to a reluctance to self-disclose, to the negative effects of deindividuation and disinhibition.
Despite this, the hyperpersonal model (Walther) argues that online relationships can be more personal and involve greater self-disclosure than face to face ones.
This is because of the effects of anonymity, which include feelings of closeness and intimacy and less emphasis on physical characteristics.
Walther also argues that one’s online persona can be heavily manipulated and controlled and this selective self-presentation can be hyper-honest or hyper-dishonest
Discuss what psychological research has told us about virtual relationships in social media (16 marks).
The reduced cues theory is that according to Sproull and Kiesler (1986), computer-mediated communication relationships are less effective than face to face ones, because they lack many of the cues we normally depend on in face to face interactions, for example tone of voice and facial expressions.
Virtual relationships are therefore more likely to involve blunt and even aggressive communication, which ultimately leads to a reluctance to self-disclose, to the negative effects of deindividuation and disinhibition.
Despite this, the hyperpersonal model (Walther) argues that online relationships can be more personal and involve greater self-disclosure than face to face ones.
This is because of the effects of anonymity, which include feelings of closeness and intimacy and less emphasis on physical characteristics.
Walther also argues that one’s online persona can be heavily manipulated and controlled and this selective self-presentation can be hyper-honest or hyper-dishonest.
The absence of gating is that factors that normally act as a barrier to interaction, such as being in a different age group or being from a different social background, are removed, so relationships are more likely to develop, as self-disclosure is more frequent and deeper
Discuss what psychological research has told us about virtual relationships in social media (16 marks).
The reduced cues theory is that according to Sproull and Kiesler (1986), computer-mediated communication relationships are less effective than face to face ones, because they lack many of the cues we normally depend on in face to face interactions, for example tone of voice and facial expressions.
Virtual relationships are therefore more likely to involve blunt and even aggressive communication, which ultimately leads to a reluctance to self-disclose, to the negative effects of deindividuation and disinhibition.
Despite this, the hyperpersonal model (Walther) argues that online relationships can be more personal and involve greater self-disclosure than face to face ones.
This is because of the effects of anonymity, which include feelings of closeness and intimacy and less emphasis on physical characteristics.
Walther also argues that one’s online persona can be heavily manipulated and controlled and this selective self-presentation can be hyper-honest or hyper-dishonest.
The absence of gating is that factors that normally act as a barrier to interaction, such as being in a different age group or being from a different social background, are removed, so relationships are more likely to develop, as self-disclosure is more frequent and deeper.
Why is this?
This is because people’s attention is refocused on self-disclosure and away from superficial and distracting features
Discuss what psychological research has told us about virtual relationships in social media (16 marks).
The reduced cues theory is that according to Sproull and Kiesler (1986), computer-mediated communication relationships are less effective than face to face ones, because they lack many of the cues we normally depend on in face to face interactions, for example tone of voice and facial expressions.
Virtual relationships are therefore more likely to involve blunt and even aggressive communication, which ultimately leads to a reluctance to self-disclose, to the negative effects of deindividuation and disinhibition.
Despite this, the hyperpersonal model (Walther) argues that online relationships can be more personal and involve greater self-disclosure than face to face ones.
This is because of the effects of anonymity, which include feelings of closeness and intimacy and less emphasis on physical characteristics.
Walther also argues that one’s online persona can be heavily manipulated and controlled and this selective self-presentation can be hyper-honest or hyper-dishonest.
The absence of gating is that factors that normally act as a barrier to interaction, such as being in a different age group or being from a different social background, are removed, so relationships are more likely to develop, as self-disclosure is more frequent and deeper.
This is because people’s attention is refocused on self-disclosure and away from superficial and distracting features.
Bargh (2002)
Bargh (2002) also found that virtual relationships develop quicker because intimacy occurs sooner than in real life relationships
Discuss what psychological research has told us about virtual relationships in social media (16 marks).
The reduced cues theory is that according to Sproull and Kiesler (1986), computer-mediated communication relationships are less effective than face to face ones, because they lack many of the cues we normally depend on in face to face interactions, for example tone of voice and facial expressions.
Virtual relationships are therefore more likely to involve blunt and even aggressive communication, which ultimately leads to a reluctance to self-disclose, to the negative effects of deindividuation and disinhibition.
Despite this, the hyperpersonal model (Walther) argues that online relationships can be more personal and involve greater self-disclosure than face to face ones.
This is because of the effects of anonymity, which include feelings of closeness and intimacy and less emphasis on physical characteristics.
Walther also argues that one’s online persona can be heavily manipulated and controlled and this selective self-presentation can be hyper-honest or hyper-dishonest.
The absence of gating is that factors that normally act as a barrier to interaction, such as being in a different age group or being from a different social background, are removed, so relationships are more likely to develop, as self-disclosure is more frequent and deeper.
This is because people’s attention is refocused on self-disclosure and away from superficial and distracting features.
Bargh (2002) also found that virtual relationships develop quicker because intimacy occurs sooner than in real life relationships.
However,
However, they also end quicker, because the high excitement level of the interaction isn’t matched by the level of trust between the relationship partners
Discuss what psychological research has told us about virtual relationships in social media (16 marks).
The reduced cues theory is that according to Sproull and Kiesler (1986), computer-mediated communication relationships are less effective than face to face ones, because they lack many of the cues we normally depend on in face to face interactions, for example tone of voice and facial expressions.
Virtual relationships are therefore more likely to involve blunt and even aggressive communication, which ultimately leads to a reluctance to self-disclose, to the negative effects of deindividuation and disinhibition.
Despite this, the hyperpersonal model (Walther) argues that online relationships can be more personal and involve greater self-disclosure than face to face ones.
This is because of the effects of anonymity, which include feelings of closeness and intimacy and less emphasis on physical characteristics.
Walther also argues that one’s online persona can be heavily manipulated and controlled and this selective self-presentation can be hyper-honest or hyper-dishonest.
The absence of gating is that factors that normally act as a barrier to interaction, such as being in a different age group or being from a different social background, are removed, so relationships are more likely to develop, as self-disclosure is more frequent and deeper.
This is because people’s attention is refocused on self-disclosure and away from superficial and distracting features.
Bargh (2002) also found that virtual relationships develop quicker because intimacy occurs sooner than in real life relationships.
However, they also end quicker, because the high excitement level of the interaction isn’t matched by the level of trust between the relationship partners.
Cooper and Sportolari (1997) called this the boom and bust phenomenon of online relationships
Discuss what psychological research has told us about virtual relationships in social media (16 marks).
The reduced cues theory is that according to Sproull and Kiesler (1986), computer-mediated communication relationships are less effective than face to face ones, because they lack many of the cues we normally depend on in face to face interactions, for example tone of voice and facial expressions.
Virtual relationships are therefore more likely to involve blunt and even aggressive communication, which ultimately leads to a reluctance to self-disclose, to the negative effects of deindividuation and disinhibition.
Despite this, the hyperpersonal model (Walther) argues that online relationships can be more personal and involve greater self-disclosure than face to face ones.
This is because of the effects of anonymity, which include feelings of closeness and intimacy and less emphasis on physical characteristics.
Walther also argues that one’s online persona can be heavily manipulated and controlled and this selective self-presentation can be hyper-honest or hyper-dishonest.
The absence of gating is that factors that normally act as a barrier to interaction, such as being in a different age group or being from a different social background, are removed, so relationships are more likely to develop, as self-disclosure is more frequent and deeper.
This is because people’s attention is refocused on self-disclosure and away from superficial and distracting features.
Bargh (2002) also found that virtual relationships develop quicker because intimacy occurs sooner than in real life relationships.
However, they also end quicker, because the high excitement level of the interaction isn’t matched by the level of trust between the relationship partners.
Cooper and Sportolari (1997) called this the boom and bust phenomenon of online relationships.
Virtual relationships overall widen the range of potential social relationships
Discuss what psychological research has told us about virtual relationships in social media (16 marks).
The reduced cues theory is that according to Sproull and Kiesler (1986), computer-mediated communication relationships are less effective than face to face ones, because they lack many of the cues we normally depend on in face to face interactions, for example tone of voice and facial expressions.
Virtual relationships are therefore more likely to involve blunt and even aggressive communication, which ultimately leads to a reluctance to self-disclose, to the negative effects of deindividuation and disinhibition.
Despite this, the hyperpersonal model (Walther) argues that online relationships can be more personal and involve greater self-disclosure than face to face ones.
This is because of the effects of anonymity, which include feelings of closeness and intimacy and less emphasis on physical characteristics.
Walther also argues that one’s online persona can be heavily manipulated and controlled and this selective self-presentation can be hyper-honest or hyper-dishonest.
The absence of gating is that factors that normally act as a barrier to interaction, such as being in a different age group or being from a different social background, are removed, so relationships are more likely to develop, as self-disclosure is more frequent and deeper.
This is because people’s attention is refocused on self-disclosure and away from superficial and distracting features.
Bargh (2002) also found that virtual relationships develop quicker because intimacy occurs sooner than in real life relationships.
However, they also end quicker, because the high excitement level of the interaction isn’t matched by the level of trust between the relationship partners.
Cooper and Sportolari (1997) called this the boom and bust phenomenon of online relationships.
Virtual relationships overall widen the range of potential social relationships.
First AO3 PEEL paragraph
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of the hyperpersonal model is that there is research support for people self-disclosing in online relationships in ways that are sometimes ‘hyperhonest’ or hyperdishonest’
Discuss what psychological research has told us about virtual relationships in social media (16 marks).
The reduced cues theory is that according to Sproull and Kiesler (1986), computer-mediated communication relationships are less effective than face to face ones, because they lack many of the cues we normally depend on in face to face interactions, for example tone of voice and facial expressions.
Virtual relationships are therefore more likely to involve blunt and even aggressive communication, which ultimately leads to a reluctance to self-disclose, to the negative effects of deindividuation and disinhibition.
Despite this, the hyperpersonal model (Walther) argues that online relationships can be more personal and involve greater self-disclosure than face to face ones.
This is because of the effects of anonymity, which include feelings of closeness and intimacy and less emphasis on physical characteristics.
Walther also argues that one’s online persona can be heavily manipulated and controlled and this selective self-presentation can be hyper-honest or hyper-dishonest.
The absence of gating is that factors that normally act as a barrier to interaction, such as being in a different age group or being from a different social background, are removed, so relationships are more likely to develop, as self-disclosure is more frequent and deeper.
This is because people’s attention is refocused on self-disclosure and away from superficial and distracting features.
Bargh (2002) also found that virtual relationships develop quicker because intimacy occurs sooner than in real life relationships.
However, they also end quicker, because the high excitement level of the interaction isn’t matched by the level of trust between the relationship partners.
Cooper and Sportolari (1997) called this the boom and bust phenomenon of online relationships.
Virtual relationships overall widen the range of potential social relationships.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of the hyperpersonal model is that there is research support for people self-disclosing in online relationships in ways that are sometimes ‘hyperhonest’ or hyperdishonest.’
Example
For example, Whitty and Joinson found when researching a number of online discussions that the questions tended to be very direct, probing and sometimes intimate, whereas face to face conversations tend to be ‘small talk.’
People also had no issue in answering the personal questions online and were direct and to the point
Discuss what psychological research has told us about virtual relationships in social media (16 marks).
The reduced cues theory is that according to Sproull and Kiesler (1986), computer-mediated communication relationships are less effective than face to face ones, because they lack many of the cues we normally depend on in face to face interactions, for example tone of voice and facial expressions.
Virtual relationships are therefore more likely to involve blunt and even aggressive communication, which ultimately leads to a reluctance to self-disclose, to the negative effects of deindividuation and disinhibition.
Despite this, the hyperpersonal model (Walther) argues that online relationships can be more personal and involve greater self-disclosure than face to face ones.
This is because of the effects of anonymity, which include feelings of closeness and intimacy and less emphasis on physical characteristics.
Walther also argues that one’s online persona can be heavily manipulated and controlled and this selective self-presentation can be hyper-honest or hyper-dishonest.
The absence of gating is that factors that normally act as a barrier to interaction, such as being in a different age group or being from a different social background, are removed, so relationships are more likely to develop, as self-disclosure is more frequent and deeper.
This is because people’s attention is refocused on self-disclosure and away from superficial and distracting features.
Bargh (2002) also found that virtual relationships develop quicker because intimacy occurs sooner than in real life relationships.
However, they also end quicker, because the high excitement level of the interaction isn’t matched by the level of trust between the relationship partners.
Cooper and Sportolari (1997) called this the boom and bust phenomenon of online relationships.
Virtual relationships overall widen the range of potential social relationships.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of the hyperpersonal model is that there is research support for people self-disclosing in online relationships in ways that are sometimes ‘hyperhonest’ or hyperdishonest.’
For example, Whitty and Joinson found when researching a number of online discussions that the questions tended to be very direct, probing and sometimes intimate, whereas face to face conversations tend to be ‘small talk.’
People also had no issue in answering the personal questions online and were direct and to the point.
Why does this support the hyperpersonal model?
This supports the hyperpersonal model, because it suggests that the way we self-disclose in online relationships is designed to present ourselves in an exaggeratedly positive light, which aids relationship formation
Discuss what psychological research has told us about virtual relationships in social media (16 marks).
The reduced cues theory is that according to Sproull and Kiesler (1986), computer-mediated communication relationships are less effective than face to face ones, because they lack many of the cues we normally depend on in face to face interactions, for example tone of voice and facial expressions.
Virtual relationships are therefore more likely to involve blunt and even aggressive communication, which ultimately leads to a reluctance to self-disclose, to the negative effects of deindividuation and disinhibition.
Despite this, the hyperpersonal model (Walther) argues that online relationships can be more personal and involve greater self-disclosure than face to face ones.
This is because of the effects of anonymity, which include feelings of closeness and intimacy and less emphasis on physical characteristics.
Walther also argues that one’s online persona can be heavily manipulated and controlled and this selective self-presentation can be hyper-honest or hyper-dishonest.
The absence of gating is that factors that normally act as a barrier to interaction, such as being in a different age group or being from a different social background, are removed, so relationships are more likely to develop, as self-disclosure is more frequent and deeper.
This is because people’s attention is refocused on self-disclosure and away from superficial and distracting features.
Bargh (2002) also found that virtual relationships develop quicker because intimacy occurs sooner than in real life relationships.
However, they also end quicker, because the high excitement level of the interaction isn’t matched by the level of trust between the relationship partners.
Cooper and Sportolari (1997) called this the boom and bust phenomenon of online relationships.
Virtual relationships overall widen the range of potential social relationships.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one strength of the hyperpersonal model is that there is research support for people self-disclosing in online relationships in ways that are sometimes ‘hyperhonest’ or hyperdishonest.’
For example, Whitty and Joinson found when researching a number of online discussions that the questions tended to be very direct, probing and sometimes intimate, whereas face to face conversations tend to be ‘small talk.’
People also had no issue in answering the personal questions online and were direct and to the point.
This supports the hyperpersonal model, because it suggests that the way we self-disclose in online relationships is designed to present ourselves in an exaggeratedly positive light, which aids relationship formation.
Second AO3 PEEL paragraph
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that one limitation of the reduced cues theory is that it suggests cues are absent when they are in fact just different
