Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Block 10 Week 4 > Usera > GI Path > Flashcards

Usera > GI Path Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 anatomical regions of the stomach?

A

cardia
fundus
body
pylorus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what lines the surface & pits of the entire stomach?

A

mucous cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what cells are only found in the body & fundus?

A

chief & parietal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the 3 types of epithelial cells in the stomach?

A

mucous cells
chief cells
parietal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what endocrine cell is found in the body & fundus?

A

ECL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what endocrine cells are found in the antrum?

A

G
D
Enterochromaffin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what do ECL cells secrete?

A

histamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what do G cells secrete?

A

gastrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what do D cells secrete?

A

somatostatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what do enterochromaffin cells secrete?

A

serotonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the layers in gastric histology?

A

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis propria
(just like the esophagus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the glands like in the fundus & body?

A

straight tubular glands that synthesize gastric juice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are parietal cells?

A

eosinophilic

secrete intrinsic factor (vitamin B12)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are chief cells?

A

basophilic

secrete pepsin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the glands like in the antrum & cardia?

A

branched & coiled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how much of the mucosa do the gastric pits of the antrum & cardia occupy?

A

half the thickness of the mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what lines the glands of the antrum & cardia?

A

mucus-secreting cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

T/F: a small number of parietal cells are present in the cardia/antrum

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

why is there potential for damage to the mucosa?

A

bc the gastric lumen has an acidic pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the pH of the gastric lumen?

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the 3 ways that the mucosa is protected from the pH of the gastric lumen?

A
  1. mucin
  2. mucus layer > neutral fluid layer
  3. vascular supply
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how does mucin protect the mucosa from acidic pH?

A

foveolar cells secrete mucin > prevents food from touching the epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how does the mucus layer protect the mucosa from acidic pH?

A

forms a neutral pH layer of fluid over the epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how does the vascular supply help protect the mucosa from acidic pH?

A

delivers O2, bicarb, & nutrients > washes away acid that has diffused into the lamina propria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what happens when the protective mechanisms for resisting acidic pH fail?

A

acute & chronic gastritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is acute gastritis?

A

a transient mucosal inflammatory process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what are the clinical features of acute gastritis (6)?

A
  1. asymptomatic
  2. epigastric pain
  3. Nausea
  4. vomiting
  5. hematemesis
  6. melena
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what are the 7 causes of acute gastritis?

A
  1. NSAIDs
  2. H. pylori infxn
  3. aspirin
  4. cigs
  5. booze
  6. gastric hyperacidity
  7. duodenal-gastric reflux
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what is the preferred term for acute gastritis?

A

active inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

the presence of WHAT TYPE of cell in the mucosa denotes active inflammation?

A

neutrophils!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what is acute gastritis erosion?

A

loss of superficial epithelium

limited to the LAMINA PROPRIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what is acute gastritis ulceration?

A

loss of epithelium DEEPER THAN EROSION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what are the components of acute gastritis ulceration?

A

layer of necrosis
ulceration
granulation tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what are the types of acute gastritis ulceration?

A
  1. stress ulcers
  2. curling ulcers
  3. cushing ulcers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what pts get stress ulcers?

A

pts w/ shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

where do curling ulcers occur?

A

proximal duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what are curling ulcers a/w?

A

severe burns or trauma

38
Q

where do cushing ulcers occur?

A

gastric
duodenal
esophageal

39
Q

what pts get cushing ulcers?

A

pts w/ intracranial dz

40
Q

what are the 3 clinical features of chronic gastritis?

A
  1. nausea
  2. vomiting
  3. upper abd discomfort
41
Q

what are the 5 causes of chronic gastritis?

A
  1. H. pylori infxn
  2. psychological stress
  3. caffeine
  4. booze
  5. tobacco
    (i’m surprised i don’t have one tbh)
42
Q

what does H. pylori look like?

A

spiral shaped or curved bacilli

43
Q

what is present in almost all pts w/ duodenal ulcers & most pts w/ gastric ulcers & chronic gastritis?

A

H. pylori

44
Q

why do you get a condition a/w H. pylori?

A

result of an imbalance btwn gastroduodenal mucosal defenses & damaging forces that overcome the defenses

45
Q

what does H. pylori normally affect?

A

antrum

46
Q

what does H. pylori cause in the antrum?

A

antral gastritis w/ LOTS of acid pdtion

47
Q

what happens if you get an H. pylori infxn in the fundus/body?

A

multifocal atrophic gastritis

48
Q

what 3 things characterize multifocal atrophic gastritis?

A
  1. DEC acid secretion
  2. intestinal metaplasia
  3. INC risk of gastric adenocarcinoma
49
Q

what is the cellular infiltrate of chronic gastritis?

A

plasmacytic

50
Q

what accounts for <10% of chronic gastritis?

A

autoimmune gastritis

51
Q

what does autoimmune gastritis affect?

A

body/fundus of stomach

52
Q

what is another name for autoimmune gastritis?

A

chronic atrophic gastritis

53
Q

what are the 5 characteristics of autoimmune gastritis?

A
  1. ab to parietal cells & IF
  2. DEC serum pepsinogen I conc
  3. antral endocrine cell hyperplasia
  4. vitamin B12 def
  5. achlorhydria
54
Q

what is pernicious anemia?

A

vitamin B12 def

55
Q

why do you get DEC serum pepsinogen I conc in autoimmune gastritis?

A

chief cell destruction

56
Q

pts w/ autoimmune gastritis often have WHAT?

A

other autoimmune conditions

duh

57
Q

what 3 things characterize reactive gastropathy?

A
  1. foveolar hyperplasia
  2. mucosal edema
  3. glandular regenerative changes
58
Q

what are the causes of reactive gastropathy (4)?

A
  1. chemical injury
  2. NSAIDs
  3. bile reflux
  4. mucosal trauma
59
Q

what is eosinophilic gastritis?

A

dense infiltrates of eosinophils in the mucosa & muscularis

60
Q

what are the causes of eosinophilic gastritis?

A
  1. allergens
  2. parasitic infxn
  3. H. pylori
  4. collagen vascular dz
61
Q

what is lymphocytic gastritis a/w?

A

idiopathic

some a/w celiac

62
Q

what can cause granulomatous gastritis (6 things)

A
  1. Crohn’s
  2. sarcoidosis
  3. mycobacteria
  4. fungus
  5. CMV
  6. h. pylori
63
Q

where can you get peptic ulcer dz?

A

any portion of the GI tract exposed to gastric acid

64
Q

what is peptic ulcer dz most commonly a/w?

A

H. pylori & chronic gastritis

65
Q

what is the cause of peptic ulcer dz?

A

same as the cause of chronic gastritis > the imbalance btwn mucosal defenses & damaging forces

66
Q

what TYPES of conditions cause peptic ulcer dz?

A

things that inc gastric acidity

67
Q

what 6 things cause peptic ulcer dz?

A
  1. h. pylori infxn
  2. parietal cell hyperplasia
  3. zollinger-ellison syndrome
  4. NSAIDs
  5. cigs
  6. high-dose steroids
68
Q

what are polyps?

A

nodules or masses that protrude above the level of the surrounding mucosa

69
Q

what can cause polyps (4 things)

A
  1. epithelial or stromal hyperplasia
  2. inflammation
  3. ectopia
  4. neoplasia
70
Q

75% of gastric polyps are what type?

A

inflammatory/hyperplastic

71
Q

what are inflammatory or hyperplastic polyps a/w?

A

chronic gastritis (reactive hyperplasia)

72
Q

what kinds of pts get fundic gland polyps?

A

pts w/ familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
or
pts on proton pump inhibitors

73
Q

when do adenomas appear?

A

in a background of chronic gastritis w/ atrophy & intestinal metaplasia

74
Q

what pt population has an increased incidence of adenomas?

A

FAP pts

75
Q

what is the most common carcinoma of the stomach?

A

adenocarcinoma

76
Q

what is a histo finding of adenoma?

A

dysplastic nuclei

77
Q

where do you most often get gastric adenocarcinomas?

A

antrum & lesser curvature

78
Q

what are the 2 major histo types of adenocarcinoma?

A
  1. intestinal type

2. diffuse type (linitus plastica)

79
Q

what does the histology of intestinal type adenocarcinoma look like?

A

columnar & disorganized

80
Q

what does diffuse type adenocarcinoma look like on histo?

A

signet ring cells

81
Q

primary lymphoma makes up what % of gastric malignancies?

A

only 5%

82
Q

what kind of pts get lymphomas?

A

bone marrow & organ transplant pts

83
Q

what is the most common type of lymphoma?

A

extra nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma

84
Q

what are lymphomas in the gut called?

A

MALToma

lymphoma of mucosa-assoc lymphoid tissue

85
Q

what is the 2nd most common type of lymphoma?

A

diffuse large B cell lymphoma

86
Q

where do MALTomas arise?

A

sites of chronic inflammation, esp d/t h. pylori

87
Q

how do you induce remission of a MALToma in most pts?

A

eradicate the infxn w/ abx

88
Q

what 3 things are neuroendocrine tumors a/w?

A
  1. endocrine cell hyperplasia
  2. chronic atrophic gastritis
  3. zollinger-ellison syndrome
89
Q

neuroendocrine tumors can produce syndromes depending on what?

A

what hormone they produce

90
Q

what did neuroendocrine tumors used to be called?

A

carcinoids

91
Q

what is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the abdomen?

A

gastrointestinal stromal tumor

92
Q

from what does a gastrointestinal stromal tumor arise?

A

interstitial cells of cajal

Block 10 Week 4 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions