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HUBS 191 > Lecture 12: Muscle - Structure and Function > Flashcards

Lecture 12: Muscle - Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

Skeletal muscle is made up of long fibre-like cells called:

A

myocytes
myofibres
muscle cells
muscle fibres

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2
Q

Each myocyte is surrounded by connective tissue called:

A

Endomysium

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3
Q

Myocytes bundle together to form:

A

Fascicles

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4
Q

Fascicles are surrounded by:

A

Perimysium

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5
Q

Several fascicles are bundled together to form the muscle & this is surrounded by the:

A

epimysuim

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6
Q

Inside myocytes their are bundles of:

A

Myofibrils

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7
Q

Each myofibril is made up of proteins called:

A

Myofilaments

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8
Q

There are 2 myofilament types which are:

A

thick filament - mysin

thin filament - actin

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9
Q

What is the sacrolema?

A

Myocyte membrane

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10
Q

What does the perimysium do?

A

Surrounds fascicles

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11
Q

What does the epimysium do?

A

Surrounds several fascicles which from muscle

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12
Q

What are sarcomeres?

A

myosin & actin are arranged in sarcomeres -the basic contractile unit of the muscle

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13
Q

What separates sarcomeres?

A

z- lines

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14
Q

How do muscles shorten?

A

filaments overlap as z-lines move closer together

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15
Q

What does the process of muscle contraction require?

A

Ca+ ions which are stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle fibre
actin & mysin overlap

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16
Q

What are the function of skeletal muscle?

A

Movement - locomotion or movement of parts
Heat production
Posture - continued partial contraction

17
Q

What determines muscle function?

A

Length of muscle fibres
Number of muscle fibres (CSA)
Arrangement of muscle fibres

18
Q

How does length of muscle fibres affect muscle function?

A

Longer resting length mens muscle fibres can shorten more, increasing the ROM

19
Q

Muscle fibres can shorten up to ?% of their resting length:

A

50%

20
Q

How does number of muscle fibres (CSA) affect muscle function?

A

Muscle tension is proportional to cross sectional area. increased num of fibres, increased CSA, increased tension

21
Q

How does arrangement of muscle fibres affect muscle function?

A

Pennate muscle fibres have increased CSA compared to parallel muscle fibres.
Pennate increased CSA, decreased shortening and ROM

22
Q

How is our posture maintained?

A

by muscle tone - the continual partial contraction in a muscle: stabilises & maintains posture

HUBS 191 (16 decks)

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