Reflexes

Question 1

Flexor Withdrawal (Stim, test position, response, onset, integration)

Answer 1

• noxious stim to sole of foot
• supine or sitting
• (response) toes extend, foot dorsiflexes, entire leg flexes
• (onset) 28 weeks gestation
• (integration) = 1-2 months

Question 2

Crossed Extension (Stim, test position, response, onset, integration)

Answer 2

• noxious stimulus to ball of foot of extremity fixed in extension
• test in supine
• (response) opposite lower extremity flexes, then adducts, and extends
• (onset) 28 weeks gestation
• (integration) 1-2 months

Question 3

Traction (Stim, test position, response, onset, integration)

Answer 3

• grasp forearm and pull up from supine into sitting position
• test in supine
• (response) grasp and total flexion of the upper extremity
• (onset) 28 wks gestation
• (integration) 2-5 months

Question 4

Moro (Stim, test position, response, onset, integration)

Answer 4

• sudden change in position of head in relation to trunk
• (test) sitting, then pt dropped backwards
• (response) ext, abd of UE, hand opening and crying followed by flex, add of arms across chest
• (onset) 28 wks gestation
• (integration) 5-6 months

Question 5

Startle (Stim, test position, response, onset, integration)

Answer 5

• sudden load or harsh noise
• any testing position
• (response) sudden ext or abd of arms, crying
• (onset) birth
• (integration) persists

Question 6

Grasp (Stim, test position, response, onset, integration)

Answer 6

• maintained pressure to palm of hand (palmar grasp) or ball of foot under toes (plantar grasp)
• Any testing position
• (response) maintained flexion of fingers or toes
• (onset) Palmar = birth; Plantar = 28 wks gestation
• (integration) palmar = 4-6 months; plantar = 9 months

Question 7

Asymmetrical Tonic Neck - ATNR

Stim, test position, response, onset, integration

Answer 7

• rotation of the head to one side
• test in supine
• (response) flexion of skull limbs, extension of the jaw limbs
• (onset) = birth
• integrated at 4-6 months

Question 8

Symmetrical tonic labyrinthine - TLR or STLR (Stim, test position, response, onset, integration)

Answer 8

• stim = place in position
• test in prone or supine

-(response) Prone = inc flex of limbs; Supine = inc ext of limbs

• (onset) = birth
• integrated at 6 months

Question 9

Positive supporting (Stim, test position, response, onset, integration)

Answer 9

• stim is contact to the ball of the foot
• test position is standing
• (response) rigid extension (co-contraction) of LE
• onset = birth
• integration = 6 months

Question 10

Associated reactions (Stim, test position, response, onset, integration)

Answer 10

• resisted voluntary movement in any part of the body
• tested in any position
• (response) involuntary movement in a resting extremity
• (onset) birth-3 months
• (integration) 8-9 years

Question 11

Labyrinthine Head Righting - (LR) - (Stim, test position, response, onset, integration)

Answer 11

• stim = occlude vision; alter body position by tipping body in all directions
• test upright
• (response) head orients to vertical position with mouth horizontal
• onset = birth-2 months
• integration = persists

Question 12

Optical righting - (OR) - (Stim, test position, response, onset, integration)

Answer 12

• stim = alter body position by tipping body in all directions
• test upright
• (Response) head orients to vertical position with mouth horizontal
• onset = birth-2 months
• integration = persists

Question 13

Body Righting Action on Head - (BOH) - (Stim, test position, response, onset, integration)

Answer 13

• stim = none???
• test in prone or supine
• (response) head orients to vertical position with mouth horizontal
• onset = birth-2 months
• integration = 5 years

Question 14

Symmetrical Tonic Neck - (STNR) - (Stim, test position, response, onset, integration)

Answer 14

• Stim = flexion or extension of the head
• test position = none
• (response) with head flexion = flexion of arms, extension of legs; with head extension = extension of arms, flexion of legs
• onset = 4-6 months
• integration = 8-12 months

Question 15

Neck Righting Action on the Body (NOB) - (Stim, test position, response, onset, integration)

Answer 15

• stim = passively turn head to one side
• test in supine
• response = body rotates as a whole to align the body with the head
• onset = 4-6 months
• integration = 5 years.

Question 16

Body Righting Action on the Body (BOB) - (Stim, test position, response, onset, integration)

Answer 16

• stim = passively rotate upper or lower trunk segment
• test in supine
• (response) body segment not rotated follows to align the body segments
• onset = 4-6 months
• integration = 5 years

Question 17

Protective Extension - (Stim, test position, response, onset, integration)

Answer 17

• stim = displace center of gravity outside base of support
• test = begins in sitting
• (response) arms or legs extend and abduct to support and to protect the body against falling
• onset: Arms = 4-6 months; Legs 6-9 months
• integration = persists

Question 18

Equilibrium Reactions - Tilting (ER) — (Stim, test position, response, onset, integration)

Answer 18

• Stim = displace the center of gravity by tilting or moving the support surface
• Test in any position
• Response = curvature of the trunk towards the upward side along with ext and abd of the extremities on that side; protective extension on the opposite side.
• Onset: Prone (6 mo), Supine & sitting (7-8 mo), 4 pt (9-12 mo) and standing (12-21 mo)
• integration = persists.

Question 19

Equilibrium reactions - postural fixation (Stim, test position, response, onset, integration)

Answer 19

• stim = apply a displacing force to the body, altering the center of gravity in its relation to the base of support; can also be observed during voluntary activity
• test in any position
• response = curvature of the trunk toward the external force with ext and abd of the extremities on the side to which the force was applied.
• onset: Prone (6 mo), Supine & sitting (7-8 mo), 4 pt (9-12 mo) and standing (12-21 mo)
• integration = persists