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Biology 112 > Chapter 32- Intro To Animals > Flashcards

Chapter 32- Intro To Animals Flashcards

0
Q

Extracellular Matrix

A

A fiber composite between cells.

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1
Q

Animals

A

A monophyletic group of eukaryotes that are multicellular and are heterotrophs.

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2
Q

Neurons

A

Nerve cells; transmit electrical signals to other cells.

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3
Q

Model Organisms

A

Organisms studied in order to understand human biology.

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4
Q

Phyla

A

Major lineages of species.

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5
Q

Body Plan

A

The fundamental architecture of animal bodies.

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6
Q

Tissue

A

Tightly integrated structural and functional units of similar cells.

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7
Q

Epithelium

A

A layer of tightly joined cells that covers the surface.

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8
Q

Diploblasts

A

Animals whose embryos have two types of tissue.

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9
Q

Triploblasts

A

Animals whose embryos have three types of tissue.

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10
Q

Germ Layers

A

Layers of embryonic tissue.

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11
Q

Ectoderm

A

Gives rise to skin and the nervous system

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12
Q

Endoderm

A

Gives rise to the lining of the digestive tract.

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13
Q

Mesoderm

A

Gives rise to the circulatory system, muscle, and internal structures such as bone and most organs.

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14
Q

Nerve Net

A

Diffuse arrangement of nerve cells.

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15
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Neurons are clustered into one or more large tracts or cords that project throughout the body.

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16
Q

Ganglia

A

Clusters of nerve cells.

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17
Q

Radial Symmetry

A

At least two planes of symmetry.

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18
Q

Bilateral Symmetry

A

One plane of symmetry.

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19
Q

Symmetry

A

Being divided by a plane in a way that the resulting pieces are nearly identical.

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20
Q

Asymmetry

A

Lacking any body symmetry.

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21
Q

Cephalization

A

The evolution of a head or anterior region where structures for feeding, sensing the environment, and processing information are concentrated.

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22
Q

Head

A

Anterior region containing sensory, feeding, and processing structures.

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23
Q

Brain

A

Mass of neurons in the head responsible for processing information from throughout the body.

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24
Q

Coelem

A

A an enclosed, fluid-filled cavity that creates a container for the circulation of oxygen and nutrients.

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25
Q

Acoelomates

A

Triploblasts who do not have a coelem.

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26
Q

Coelomates

A

Triploblasts with a coelom.

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27
Q

Hydrostatic skeleton

A

A skeleton made of an enclosed fluid-filled chamber

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28
Q

Bilateria

A

Organisms that are bilaterally symmetrical.

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29
Q

Protostomes

A

The mouth develops before the anus.

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30
Q

Deuterostomes

A

The anus develops before the mouth.

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31
Q

Gastrulation

A

Formation of gut and embryonic germ layers.

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32
Q

Tube-within-a-tube Design

A

Body plan in which the basic animal body is a tube within a tube.

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33
Q

Worm

A

Animals with long, thin, tubelike bodies that lack limbs.

34
Q

Sessile

A

Do not move.

35
Q

Choanoflagellates

A

Protists that are the closest living relatives of animals.

36
Q

Choanocytes

A

Feeding cells on a sponge

37
Q

Ecdysozoans

A

Group of protostomes that grow by shedding their exoskeletons or outer coverings and expand their bodies.

38
Q

Lophotrochozoans

A

Protostomes that grow continuously when conditions are good.

39
Q

Segmentation

A

The presence of repeated body structures.

40
Q

Vertebrates

A

Monophyletic group in Chordata that is defined by the presence of a skull.

41
Q

Invertebrates

A

All animals that are not vertebrates.

42
Q

Suspension Feeders

A

Capture food by filtering out or concentrating particles floating in water or drifting through the air.

43
Q

Deposit Feeder

A

Ingests organic material that has been deposited within a substrate or on its surface.

44
Q

Fluid Feeder

A

Suck or mop up liquids like nectar, plant sap, blood, or fruit juice.

45
Q

Mass Feeders

A

Take chunks of food into their mouths.

46
Q

Radula

A

A feeding structure that functions like a rasp or a file

47
Q

Predators

A

Larger than prey and can kill them quickly.

48
Q

Parasites

A

Smaller than prey and often harvest nutrients without causing death.

49
Q

Endoparasites

A

Live inside their hosts and usually have simple, wormlike bodies.

50
Q

Ectoparasites

A

Live outside their hosts and usually have limbs or mouthparts that allow them to grasp the host.

51
Q

Viviparous

A

Gives birth to live young.

52
Q

Oviparous

A

Deposite fertilized eggs.

53
Q

Ovoviviparous

A

Retain eggs inside their body in early development and then give birth to live young.

54
Q

Internal Fertilization

A

Takes place inside the body.

55
Q

External fertilization

A

The fertilization of eggs outside the body.

56
Q

Metamorphosis

A

A change from an immature body type to an adult body type.

57
Q

Larvae

A

Look radically different from adults, live in different habitats, and eat different foods and have immature reproductive organs.

58
Q

Juveniles

A

Look like adults and live the same but are sexually immature.

59
Q

Adults

A

Reproductive stage of the life cycle

60
Q

Hemimetabolous

A

Young are juveniles called nymphs that look like miniature adults.

61
Q

Holometabolous

A

Young are larvae.

62
Q

Pupa

A

A larvae that has secreted a protective case.

63
Q

Nymph

A

A juvenile that looks like a smaller adult.

64
Q

Pupation

A

When a pupa becomes an adult.

65
Q

Polyp

A

A cessile form that reproduces asexually

66
Q

Medusa

A

Free floating larval form that reproduces sexually.

67
Q

Colony

A

A group of identical individuals that are physically attached.

68
Q

Benthic

A

Live at the bottom of the ocean

69
Q

Spicules

A

Stiff spikes of silica or calcium carbonate.

70
Q

Mesoglea

A

A layer of scattered ectodermal cells in between ectoderm and endoderm cell layers in cnidarians.

71
Q

Cnidocyte

A

A specialized cell that is used to capture prey by ejecting a barb.

72
Q

Limb

A

A jointed or prehensile appendage usually used for locomotion.

73
Q

Endoskeleton

A

An internal support structure composed of mineralized tissue.

74
Q

Exoskeleton

A

An external skeleton that supports and protects an animal’s body.

75
Q

Hydroids

A

A hydrozoan life stage in which the polyp is attached to a substrate or colony.

76
Q

Cnidocyst

A

An organelle in a cnidocyte that produces toxin.

77
Q

Porifera

A

Multicellular organisms that lack circulatory, nervous, and digestive systems.

78
Q

Cnidaria

A

Organisms distinguished by their cnidocytes and medusa and polyp forms.

79
Q

Anemone

A

Predatory cnidarians that lack medusa forms and digest larger prey with their polyps.

80
Q

Corals

A

Invertabrate polyps that gather in colonies and have an exoskeleton.

81
Q

Acoelomorpha

A

Soft-bodied marine animals that are free floating or live on other organisms.

82
Q

Ctenophora

A

Organisms distinguished by the ciloa they use to swim.

Biology 112 (12 decks)

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