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NUR100 - 2015 > LONG QUESTIONS > Flashcards

LONG QUESTIONS Flashcards

1
Q

You are taking the vital observations of your allocated patient on your practicum and your patient Mr Umbillicus says “can you explain to me what the blood pressure is, the nurse always takes it but I don’t know what it means?” Include the difference between systolic and diastolic.

A

Blood Pressure is the lateral force that the pulsing blood exerts on the artery walls.
Systolic is the upper number and measures the pressure in your arteries when your heart contracts (beats)
Diastolic is the bottom number and measures the pressure between beats (ventricle relaxes)

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2
Q

List the 5 moments of hand hygiene.

A
  1. Before touching a patient
  2. Before a procedure
  3. After a procedure or body fluid exposure risk
  4. After touching a patient
  5. After touching a patients surroundings
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3
Q

You are caring for a patient who had abdominal surgery on the previous shift. Her current temperature is 37.8*C, the patient asks if this is normal?

a) what would your response be? (2 marks)
b) what is the relevance of her current temperature? (2 marks)
c) what additional assessments would you make? (2 marks)

A

Her temperature is normal for someone that has just had surgery.
Her temperature is high as it is apart of the inflammatory response.
You would check her vital signs- T.P.R & B.P, then ask how her pain level is and check to see if any medications may be due.
Checking the wound site.

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4
Q

List and explain the chain of infection.

A
  1. Infectious agent = the pathogen
  2. The reservoir = the source for pathogens to multiply
  3. Portal of exit = how the pathogen is able to exit the source
  4. Mode of transmission = how the pathogen gets around.
  5. Portal of entry = how it can enter the host
  6. Host = a susceptible host ( ill/ sick/ immuno-compromised)
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5
Q

List 4 main modes of transmission and give one example.

A
  1. Direct - physical contact ( kissing)
  2. Droplet - sneezing, coughing, talking
  3. Airborne - inhalation of airborne microorganisms. (Measles, TB, chicken pox)
  4. Contaminated articles / indirect - contact with the pathogen in the environment (surface, object)
  5. Vectors - transmission by animal or insect (mosquito bites, tick)
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6
Q

What are the 3 processes of respiration?

A
  1. Ventilation - gas movement in and out of the lungs
  2. Diffusion - O2 and CO2 between the lungs and the blood
  3. Perfusion- the distribution of RBC to and from the lungs
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7
Q

What is conscientious objection and describe 2 situations where it could be relevant to a nurse.

A

It is the nurses right to refuse to participate in a procedure which they deem as unacceptable due to moral or ethical beliefs or religious views. However care and safety of the patient needs to be maintained.

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8
Q

What is medical asepsis? List 2 examples.

A 
Medical asepsis aims at controlling and reducing the number of pathogens.
Referred to as "clean techniques"
Used in administering:
- medications
- enemas
- tube feedings
- daily hygiene
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9
Q

What is surgical asepsis? List 2 examples.

A 
Surgical asepsis aims at eliminating all pathogens.
Referred to as " sterile technique"
Used in:
- dressing changes
- catheterisations
- surgical procedures
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10
Q

List and explain briefly 3 separate forces that are responsible for pressure area development.

A

Prolonged pressure - compresses the tissue between the bone and the surface. ( patients weight resting on bone near surface).
Shear force - mechanical force of pressure applied parallel to the plane of the body. ( when patient slides down the bed)
Friction - abrading and breaking down of the skin and beginning the erosion.

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11
Q

List the 5 stages of grieving.

A
  1. Denial
  2. Anger
  3. Bargaining
  4. Resolution
  5. Acceptance
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12
Q

Apart from documenting patient care list 4 other purposes that patient notes can be used for.

A
  • Medical history
  • therapeutic orders (physio)
  • patient’s demographics
  • Special needs (hearing aid)
  • record of informed consent
  • legal protection
  • educational
  • financial
  • research
  • auditing
  • assessment of care plan.
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13
Q

What is thermoregulation?

A

It is the process that allows the human body to maintain its core temperature (homeostasis)

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14
Q

What is an apical pulse?

A

this refers to the pulsations at the apex of the heart. Sometimes referred to as the point of maximum impulse (PMI)

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15
Q

What is korotkoff sound of BP?

A

the tapping sound heard when taking BP.

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16
Q

What is the nursing process?

A 
(ADPIE) 
Assessment- what is the situation? 
Diagnosis- what is the problem?
Planning- how to fix the problem
Implementation- putting the plan to action
Evaluation- did the plan work?

NUR100 - 2015 (14 decks)

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