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Anatomy 2 > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Function of lateral cuneate nucleus

A

IL unconscious proprioception from upper extremity

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2
Q

Function of medial lemniscus

A

CL conscious proprioception from UE and LE (fibers cross to form the medial lemniscus)

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3
Q

What is in the level of sensory decussation of medulla

A

Lateral cuneate nucleus - unconscious proprioception from UE
Pyramids
Medial lemniscus - conscious proprioception from UE and LE

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4
Q

Function of medial longitudinal fasiculus

A

Axons of nerves (3,4,6) to eye muscles

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5
Q

Function of medial vestibular nucleus

A

Origin of medial vestibulospinal tract to innervate neck musculature

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6
Q

Function of inferior olivary nucleus

A

Relay stay between cortex and cerebellum and participate in allowing smooth coordinated movement

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7
Q

Parts of medulla at level of CN X/XII

A

Medial longitudinal fasiculus
Medial vestibular nucleus
Inferior olivary nucleus
Inferior cerebellar peduncle

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8
Q

Somatic Motor portion of vagus nerve

A

Innervates pharyngeal, laryngeal, and palate muscles

Cell bodies in nucleus ambiguus

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9
Q

Dysfunctions of somatic motor fibers of vagus nerve

A

Hoarseness - intrinsic of larynx
Dysphagia - palate and pharyngeal
Arch of soft palate droops on affected side and uvula deviates toward unaffected side

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10
Q

Visceral motor portion of vagus nerve

A

Causes decreased HR and contractility

Pre-ganglionic parasympathetic nerve cell bodies located in dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus and nucleus ambiguus

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11
Q

Visceral Sensory portion of vagus nerve

A

Baro and chemo receptors in aortic arch

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12
Q

Pathway for visceral sensory portion of vagus nerve

A

Baro and chemo receptors in aortic arch
Inferior ganglion of CN X
Central processes enter medualla and descend in tractus solitarius
Synapse on neurons in nucelus solitarius
Neurons send axons to cardiorespiratory centers in meduall and nucleus ambiguus (visceral motor portion of CN X)

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13
Q

Hypoglossal nerve supplies

A 
Intrinsic muscles of tongue 
Genioglossal muscle (protrudes tongue and contralateral deviation of the tongue)
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14
Q

UMN Lesion to hypoglossal nerve

A

tongue deviates to opposite side of lesion due to unopposed pull of ipsilateral genioglossal muscles

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15
Q

LMN Lesion of hypoglossal nerve

A

Tongue deviates to ipsilateral side

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16
Q

Parts of medualla at level of CN VIII and IX

A

Lateral vestibular nucleus (lateral vestibulospinal tract) and vestibulocochelar nerve

17
Q

Receptors for Vestibular nerve

A

Crista ampullaris and macula

18
Q

function of Crista ampullaris (semicircular canals)

A

Detects angular acceleration of head (turning head)

Drives vestibular ocular reflex

19
Q

Function of Macula

A

Detects position of head with respect to gravity (keeps head upright)
Important in maintaining balance
Detects linear acceleration of head

20
Q

Location of crista ampullaris

A

Located in ampula

21
Q

Location of macula

A

Located in utricle and saccule

22
Q

Vestibular ocular reflex

A

Eyes reflexively turn opposite the direction of the head rotation

23
Q

Vestibulospinal Reflex

A

Cause contraction of trunk musculature to maintain equilibrium

24
Q

2 theories of BPPV

A

Canalithiasis - otoconia float freely in endolymph

Cupuloithiasis - otoconia attach to cupula

25
Q

Causes of Meniere’s Syndrome

A

Defective circulationor reabsorption of endolymph fluid

26
Q

4 signs of Meniere’s Syndrome

A

Aural fullness
Fluctuating hearing loss
Roraring tinnitis
Vertigo

27
Q

Function of organ of corti

A

Converts acoustic energy into electrical energy

28
Q

Primary auditory cortex

A

Superior surface of superior temporal lobe

29
Q

Secondary cortical auditory areas

A

Wernicke’s area (adjacent to primary areas of superior temporal lobe)

30
Q

Sensorineural hearing loss

A

Dysfunction of hair cells and/or vestibular nerve

31
Q

Conductive hearing loss

A

Impairment of transmission of sound waves to the outer ear/tympanic membrane, middle ear/oval window (impacted auditory canal and fused ossicles)

32
Q

Noise exposure hearing loss

A

Chronic intense sound exposure can cause damaged hair cells

33
Q

Acoustic neuromas hearing loss

A

Schwannomas of the cochlear/vestibular nerve

Can also compress the facial nerve

34
Q

Presbycusis hearing loss

A

Age related loss of hair cells

35
Q

Ototoxicity

A

Antibiotics accumulate in inner ear can damage hair cells

Anatomy 2 (11 decks)

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