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Anatomy 2 > Exam 5 > Flashcards

Exam 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Lateral lemniscus

A

Axons from CL dorsal/ventral cochlear nuclei

Transmits auditory information

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2
Q

Superior olivary nucleus

A

Sends axons to Organ of Corti to inhibit hair cells to reduce background noise. Involved in sound localization

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3
Q

Three parts of basalar bonx

A

Corticospinal tract
Corticobulbar tract
Pontine nuclei

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4
Q

Corneal reflex tests which nerves

A

CN V and VII

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5
Q

LMN Lesion of facial nerve

A 
Total paralysis on IL side of face: 
Unable to close eyelid tightly 
Unable to wrinkle forehead 
Sensation intact to pinprick (CN V) 
Could have lack of taste of hyeracusis
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6
Q

UMN lesion of Facial nerve

A

Paralysis of CL facial muscles but can wrinkle forehead and possible weakly close eyelid because of bilateral innervation

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7
Q

Two facial muscles that have bilateral innervation

A

Frontalis

Orbicularis oris

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8
Q

Ramsey Hunt Syndrome

A

Compression and damage to both CN VII and VIII as they travel through acoustic meatus
Bell’s Palsy and balance problems

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9
Q

Visceral motor (parasympathetic) actions of facial nerve

A

Innervates lacrimal gland - washes away foreign substances and keeps eye moist
Submandibular and sublingual glands - moistens food and assist moving food toward oropharynx

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10
Q

Ageusia

A

Loss of taste sensation

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11
Q

Hypogeusia

A

Decreased taste sensation

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12
Q

Dysgeusia

A

Abnormal sensation of taste

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13
Q

Function of the abducens nerve

A

Innervates the IL lateral rectus muscle (abducts the eye)

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14
Q

Medial strabismus

A

Inability to direct both eyes on the same target due to inability to laterally rotate the eye

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15
Q

Esotropia

A

Medial deviation of IL eye and inability to laterally rotate the eye

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16
Q

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

A

Contains axons innervating CL medial recti

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17
Q

Inernuclear Opthalmoplegia

A

Inability to medially rotate the eye during gaze to opposite side

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18
Q

Somatic motor nerves of V3 distribution of trigeminal nerve

A

Medial and lateral pterygoid
Temporalis
Masseter

19
Q

Sensory branches of V3 distribution of trigeminal nerve

A

Mandibular teeth and tongue sensory branches
Inferior alveolar nerves
Lingual nerve

20
Q

Mesencephalic Nucleus

A

Located from mid-pons to superior colliculus of the midbrain
Contains cell bodies of peripheral processes which transmit proprioceptive information from muscles of mastication

21
Q

Masseter

A

elevates mandible

22
Q

Temporalis

A

Elevates and retracts mandible

23
Q

Lateral pterygoid

A

bilateral contraction: protrusion and depression of mandible
Unilateral contraction: contralateral side movement of mandible

24
Q

Medial pterygoid

A

Assists with elevation and protrusion

25
Q

LMN Lesion of trigeminal nerve

A

Difficulty chewing
Atrophy/weakness of muscles of mastication
Jaw deviates to one side with mouth opening (deviates IL to side of lesion due to lateral pterygoid wekaness)

26
Q

UMN lesion of trigeminal nerve

A

minimal effect on masticatory muscles due to bilateral innervation

27
Q

Ascending axons of locus ceruleus

A

Release of norepinephrine to stimulate attention/arousal

28
Q

Descending axons of locus ceruleus

A

Pain inhibition and part of emotional motor system (slower movements with fear & anxiety)

29
Q

Inferior colliculus

A

Integrates auditory information from both ears and detects location of sound

30
Q

Function of trochelar nerve

A

Innervates the superior oblique muscle which adducts and intorts the eye
Important for looking down at ground and looking down to read

31
Q

Rubrospinal tract

A

neck and UE flexor muscles

Relay station between cerebellum and thalamus

32
Q

Superior colliculus

A

Voluntary/involuntary movement of the eye/head

33
Q

Somatic motor innervation of oculomotor nerve

A 
Inferior oblique 
Inferior rectus 
Medial rectus
Superior rectus (CL)
Levator palpeabrae superioris (CL)
34
Q

Visceral motor innervation of oculomotor nerve

A 
Ciliary muscles (increase or decrease diameter of lens)
Pupillary constrictors
35
Q

Accommodation Reflex

A

Pupils constrict
Eyes adduct
Lens becomes more convex

36
Q

Lesion of CN III nucleus or nerve

A

Unopposed lateral rectus
Mydriasis (dilated pupil)
Ptosis (decreased innervation of LPS)

37
Q

Weber’s syndrome

A

Dilated pupil
Ptosis
Eye deviates downward (SO) or laterally (LR)
Contralateral UMN paralysis because of cerebral penduncles

38
Q

Decorticate rigidity

A

Lesion above red nucleus
Uninhibited rubrospinal tract and lateral vestibulospinal tract
Flexion of UE and extension of LE
Worse prognosis

39
Q

Decerbrate rigidity

A

Lesion between red nucleus and lateral vestibular nucleus
Extension of extremities/trunk
Uninhibited extension biased lateral vestibulospinal tract dominates inhibited rubrospinal tract
Better prognosis

40
Q

4 D’s of Brainstem

A

Dysphagia - difficulty swallowing
Dysarthria- difficulty articulating
Diplopia - double vision
Dysmetria - unable to stop a movement at a certain point

41
Q

Reticular Formation

A

Consists of axons/dendrites and clusters of nerve cell bodies (ganglia) dispersed amongst axon/dendrites

42
Q

Raphe magnus nucleus

A

Serotonin
Ascending tracts - induce sleep
Descending tracts - inhibit pain (raphe spinal tract)

43
Q

Central group nuclei

A

Involved in alertness and arousal

Can arouse or wakeup a person

44
Q

Ventral tegmental area

A

cells produce dopamine to cerebral areas important in motivation and decision making, as well as feelings of pleasure and reward

Anatomy 2 (11 decks)

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