AAW - Immunology Flashcards
In lymph tissue, where is the site of B-cell localization and proliferation?
Follicle of cortex of lymph node.
What types of cells are in the Medullary sinuses of lymph nodes?
Reticular cells and macrophages
Lymph drainage:
What lymph node cluster drains the:
Lower rectum to anal canal (above pectinate line), bladder, vagina (middle third), prostate
Internal iliac
Lymph drainage:
What lymph node cluster drains the:
Testes, ovaries, kidneys, uterus
Para-aortic
Lymph drainage:
What lymph node cluster drains the:
Anal canal (below pectinate line), skin below umbilicus (except popliteal territory)
Superficial inguinal
What drains everything besides the right side of the body above the diaphragm, and where does it drain to?
The thoracic duct - drains into junction of left subclavian and internal jugular veins
Histological hallmark of the sinusoids of the spleen
Long, vascular channels in red pulp (made of RBCs) with fenestrated “barrel hoop” basement membrane.
What type of cells are found in the periarterial lymphatic sheath of the white pulp of the spleen
T cells
What type of cells are found in the follicles within the white pulp of the spleen
B cells
What types of cells are found in the marginal zone of the spleen
Antigen presenting cells (APC) - macrophages and specialized B cells that capture blood borne antigens
If you have a splenic dysfunction, what infectious organisms are you more susceptible to?
Encapsulated organisms:
SHiNE SKiS
What types of cells are in the following areas of the Thymus:
cortex
medulla
Hassal corpuscles
Cortex - immature T cells
Medulla - mature T cells
Hassall corpuscles - epithelial reticular cells.
calcineurin inhibitors
name 2
mech
particularly high yield toxicity
cyclosporine, tacrolimus
cycloSPORKin TACKrolimus
2 things that stab you
Blocks IL-2 transcription, inhibiting T cells
Nephrotoxic, because when you shank someone you go for the kindeys
also tacroLIMEus and siroLIMEus both bind FKBP (when you get stabbed and put a LIME on it, it hurts and you say FucK)
what is the first test you do to screen for HIV
enzyme linked immunosorbent assay to test for antibodies against HIV proteins
the patient could have a false negative until 3-7 weeks after getting HIV
confirm with western blot (AKA checking the viral load)
adult male with random and sudden hemoptysis, elevated creatine and BUN, hematuria
goodpastures, autoantibodies against type IV collagen (in pulmonary alveoli and renal glomeruli)
young person has recurrent bacterial and fungal infections with staph, e.coli. and aspergillus
what disease
what cytokine can you give them
CGD (chronic granulomatous disease)
lack of NADPH oxidase activity, phagocytes use NADPH oxidase to convert molecular oxygen to ROS
susceptible to catalase positive organisms
give the recombinant cytokine INF-gamma
nitroblue tetrazolium test
determines phagocyte NADPH oxidase activity, which is reduced in patients with CGD
phagocytes use NADPH oxidase to convert molecular oxygen to ROS
severe pyogenic infections early in life; opportunistic infection with pneumocystis, cryptosporidium, cmv
increased serum IgM
what is the mech
hyper-IgM syndrome:
Most commonly due to
defective CD40L on Th
cells = class switching defect (you can only make IgM);
X-linked recessive.
chronic granulomatous disease - what orgs are you susceptable to?
what is the molecular defect
susceptibility to catalase \+ organisms (PLACESS): Pseudomonas, Listeria, Aspergillus, Candida, E. coli, S. aureus, Serratia.
Defect of NADPH oxidase decrease in reactive oxygen species (e.g., superoxide) and absent respiratory burst in neutrophils; X-linked recessive.
HLA-A3
hemochromatosis
HLA-B27
PAIR
Psoriatic arthritis, Ankylosing spondylitis, arthritis of Inflammatory bowel disease, Reactive arthritis
AKA the seronegative arthropathies
