Hyaline Membrane Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is another name for hyaline membrane disease?

A
  • respiratory distress syndrome
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2
Q

What is the patient age group that hyaline membrane disease almost exclusivly effects?

A
  • premature infants
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3
Q

What is the relationship between gestational age and incidence/severity of hyaline membrane disease?

A
  • inversely related

i. e. younger kids are worse

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4
Q

What is the epidemiology of hyaline membrane disease?

A
  • preterm infant
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5
Q

What are the risk factors of hyaline membrane disease?

A
  • siblings with RDS
  • diabetic mother
  • c-section
  • multiple pregnancies
  • rapid labor
  • delivery complications with decreased blood flow to baby
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6
Q

What is the pathophysiology of hyaline membrane disease?

A
  • surfactant deficiency
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7
Q

What is the function of surfactant?

A
  • decreases surface tension in alveoli to remain partially expanded.
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8
Q

What occurs in the absence of surfactant?

A
  • poor lung compliance
  • atelectasis
  • infant must expend a lot of energy to expand the lung
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9
Q

What are the symptoms of hyaline membrane disease?

A
  • onset w/in minutes of birth or may not be seen for several hrs
  • tachypnea, apnea, hypopnea
  • cyanosis
  • decreased urine output
  • SOB & grunting
  • nasal flaring
  • drawing back chest muscles
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10
Q

What will be seen on CXR in hyaline membrane disease?

A
  • atelectasis
  • ground glass appearance
  • air bronchograms
  • low lung volumes
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11
Q

What diagnostic tests should be ordered for hyaline membrane disease?

A
  • CXR
  • CBC
  • blood gas
  • Echo
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12
Q

What is the treatment for hyaline membrane disease?

A
  • humidified O2
  • nasal CPAP
  • early intubation prn
  • artificial surfactant replacement therapy
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13
Q

What can be given to the mother prior to delivery of a fetus with hyaline membrane disease?

A
  • steroids
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14
Q

Describe the dosing schedule for Rescue Surfactant

A
  • 1st dose ASAP after birth (less effective as dz progresses)
    2nd dose given to infants on ventilation and more than 30-40% FIO2
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15
Q

How can hyaline membrane disease be prevented?

A
  • prevent premature births
  • avoid poorly timed & unnecessary C-sections
  • halt labor until lungs mature
  • steroids prior to delivery
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