Exam 3: Physiology of Liver & Pancreas

Question 1

How does blood flow from the portal vein through the liver?

Answer 1

Portal vein–>Sinusoids–>Central vein–>Hepatic veins

Question 2

How does blood flow from the hepatic artery through the liver?

Answer 2

Hepatic artery–>Sinusoids–>Central vein–>Hepatic veins

Question 3

What does the Space of Disse flow into?

Answer 3

Lymph ducts

Question 4

What effect does cirrhosis have on blood flow of the liver?

Answer 4

Increases resistance to blood flow

Question 5

What is the normal volume of the liver?

Answer 5

450ml (10% of blood volume in body)

Question 6

T/F: Liver cannot store blood or supply blood in times of excess or need.

Answer 6

False, it can do both

Question 7

Hepatic sinusoids are highly permeable to _____.

Answer 7

Proteins

Question 8

Higher than normal pressure in hepatic veins and large fluid build up in abdominal cavity is called…?

Answer 8

Ascites

Question 9

Which vitamins are stored in the liver?

Answer 9

A, D, B12

Question 10

What is the major pigment in bile?

Answer 10

Bilirubin

Question 11

Where is urobilinogen created and where can it go?

Answer 11

Intestines.Out in feces as stercobilin or back to liver & circulation again

Question 12

What disease is caused by bilirubin in the extracellular matrix?

Answer 12

Jaundice

Question 13

Increased hemolysis & obstruction of bile ducts or damage to liver are causes of what?

Answer 13

Jaundice

Question 14

What do Alpha cells in the pancreas secrete?

Answer 14

Glucagon

Question 15

What do Beta cells in the pancreas secrete?

Answer 15

Insulin & Amylin

Question 16

What do Delta cells int he pancreas secrete?

Answer 16

Somatostatin

Question 17

How does proinsulin become active insulin?

Answer 17

Removal of the C-chain

Question 18

In glucose uptake, insulin _____ liver phosphorylase, _____ glucokinase, & _____ enzymes for glycogenesis

Answer 18

Inactivates.Activates.Increases

Question 19

T/F: Insulin inhibits gluconeogenesis.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

TQ: What is the most important role of insulin?

Answer 20

Determine whether cells use glucose or fats as energy source

Question 21

Insulin _____ conversion of excess glucose into fatty acids & _____ utilization of fat.

Answer 21

Promotes.Decreases

Question 22

T/F: Insulin only initiates the conversion of glucose to fat.

Answer 22

False, also helps fat cells take up the fat

Question 23

In reference to fat storage, lack of insulin causes large amounts of _____ & _____ _____ to be released in the blood.

Answer 23

GlycerolFatty acids

Question 24

Glucagon is trying to _____ glucose levels in the blood.

Answer 24

Increase

Question 25

Break down of liver glycogen & increased gluconeogenesis are major effects of…?

Answer 25

Glucagon

Question 26

_____ inhibits secretion of insulin and glucagon.

Answer 26

Somatostatin

Question 27

Somatostatin _____ motility of stomach, duodenum, & gallbladder.

Answer 27

Decreases

Question 28

Somatostatin _____ secretion & absorption of the GI tract

Answer 28

Decreases

Question 29

Diabetes due to lack of insulin secretion is called?

Answer 29

Type I diabetes

Question 30

What causes Type I diabetes?

Answer 30

Viarl infections or autoimmune disorders

Question 31

Diabetes due to insulin resistance is called?

Answer 31

Type II diabetes

Question 32

Which form of diabetes is preceded by metabolic syndrome?

Answer 32

Type II diabetes