Exam 3: Thyroid Hormone

Question 1

How much iodine is required each year?

Answer 1

50mg

Question 2

Iodine transport utilizes what type of transporter?

Answer 2

Sodium-Iodide symporter (2:1)

Question 3

Where does the energy for the sodium-iodide pump come from?

Answer 3

Na/K ATPase pump

Question 4

Iodide is transported across the apical membrane via a _____-_____ _____-transporter called _____.

Answer 4

Chloride-Iodide
Counter
Pendrin

Question 5

Thyroxin is stored in the _____ of the thyroid gland.

Answer 5

Follicles

Question 6

Thyroglobulin use what to bind iodine and form thyroid hormones?

Answer 6

Tyrosine

Question 7

Most of the iodinated tryrosine in the thyroglobulin is recycled and becomes _____ _____.

Answer 7

Deiodinase enzyme

Question 8

Grave’s disease and Adenoma are 2 major causes of what disease?

Answer 8

Hyperthyroidism

Question 9

What are common treatments for hyperthyroidism?

Answer 9

Surgical removal & treatment with radioactive iodine

Question 10

What must one be careful of when removing the thyroid?

Answer 10

Not to remove the parathyroid as well.

Question 11

Hashimoto disease, Endemic goiter, & Cretinism are major causes of what disease?

Answer 11

Hypothyroidism

Question 12

What is a common treatment for hypothyroidism?

Answer 12

Oral medication

Question 13

How do thiocyanate ions act as antithryoid drugs?

Answer 13

Inhibit iodine uptake

Question 14

How does propylthiouracil act as an antithyroid drug?

Answer 14

Inhibits peroxidase

Question 15

How do iodides act as antithyroid drugs?

Answer 15

Decrease thyroid activity when present in high concentrations

Question 16

How does thyroid hormone affect gene transcription?

Answer 16

Causes large increase resulting in an increase in functional activity throughout the body

Question 17

T/F: Thyroid hormone causes both anabolism and catabolism of protein, as well as all other cellular metabolic functions, to increase.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

T/F: Thyroid hormone acts negatively on the fetal brain.

Answer 18

False, promotes growth and development

Question 19

What affect does thyroid hormone have on carbohydrate metabolism?

Answer 19

Increases all forms of carb metabolism including insulin secretion

Question 20

T/F: Thyroid hormone decreases rate of GI secretion of digestive juices.

Answer 20

False, increases

Question 21

Anxiety, extreme worry, and paranoia are symptoms of hyper/hypo-thyroidism?

Answer 21

Hyperthyroidism

Question 22

A slight increase in thyroid hormone causes muscles to react with _____, while excessive thryoid hormone causes the muscles to _____.

Answer 22

Vigor

Weaken

Question 23

What is one of the most characteristic signs of hyperthyroidism?

Answer 23

Fine muscle tremor

Question 24

T/F: Hyperthyroidism causes one to feel energized.

Answer 24

False, tired

Question 25

T/F: Hyperthyroidism causes loss of libido in both men and women.

Answer 25

False, hypothyroidism

Question 26

What thyroid hormone causes increased activity of all known secretory functions of the thyroid glandular cells?

Answer 26

TSH

Question 27

How does cAMP increase activity of the thyroid glandular cells?

Answer 27

By activation via TSH

Question 28

What is released by the median eminence of the hypothalamus and acts to secrete TSH?

Answer 28

TRH

Question 29

Cold causes increased _____ secretion via the _____, & therefore, _____ secretion via the _____ _____.

Answer 29

TRH, hypothalamus

TSH, anterior pituitary